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Publication
Avaliação da influência de diferentes configurações das camadas dos aterros na formação de lixiviados
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MONO_10431 | 1.27 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Actualmente os aterros possuem sistemas de contenção de resíduos altamente
complexos, projectados para minimizar o impacte dos resíduos sólidos no ambiente e na
saúde humana, através da utilização de revestimentos próprios. O primeiro objectivo do
sistema de revestimento é isolar o conteúdo do aterro do ambiente e, portanto, proteger
o solo e as águas subterrâneas da poluição originada no mesmo. A maior ameaça para as
águas subterrâneas, imposta pelo aterro, são os lixiviados. Estes consistem em água ou
compostos solúveis em água nos resíduos que se acumulam e posteriormente se movem
ao longo do aterro. Esta água pode provir da chuva ou dos próprios resíduos. Estes
lixiviados podem deslocar-se ao longo do aterro e contaminar o solo e as águas
subterrâneas, apresentando então um risco para o ambiente e saúde humana.
Os revestimentos do aterro são, então, projectados e construídos para criar uma barreira
entre os resíduos e o ambiente e para drenar os lixiviados para locais de recolha e
tratamento. Isto é, feito para prevenir a libertação descontrolada dos mesmos lixiviados
no ambiente.
O presente trabalho pretende essencialmente abordar a questão da influência de
diferentes camadas na formação de lixiviados, tendo em conta, por exemplo,
características tais como, diferentes espessuras e diferentes tipos de solos ou
geossintéticos, utilizados. A exposição encontra-se dividida em capítulos abordando os
diferentes tipos de revestimentos, coberturas e também as redes de drenagem de águas
pluviais e de lixiviados. Efectuou-se também uma breve abordagem aos tipos de
revestimento utilizados em diferentes países. No último capítulo aborda-se uma
entidade de tratamento de resíduos, cujo nome não é revelado, pretendendo demonstrar
a influência de factores tais como a quantidade de resíduos sólidos depositados e a
abundância da precipitação na formação de lixiviados.
É complexo avaliar a influência das camadas na formação dos lixiviados uma vez que
existem outros factores que influenciam a produção do mesmo tais como a precipitação
a quantidade de resíduos e a sua composição, a evapotranspiração, entre outros.
Modern landfills are highly engineered containment systems, designed to minimize the impact of solid waste on the environment and human health. In landfills, the waste is contained by a liner system. The primary purpose of the liner system is to isolate the landfill contents from the environment and, therefore, to protect the soil and ground water from pollution originating in the landfill. The greatest threat to ground water posed by modern landfills is leachate. Leachate consists of water and water-soluble compounds in the refuse that accumulate as water moves through the landfill. This water may be from rainfall or from the waste itself. Leachate may migrate from the landfill and contaminate soil and ground water, thus presenting a risk to human and environmental health. Landfill liners are designed and constructed to create a barrier between the waste and the environment and to drain the leachate to collection and treatment facilities. This is done to prevent the uncontrolled release of leachate into the environment. The present project essentially intends to approach the question of the influence of different layers in the formation of leachate, having in account, for example, different thicknesses and different types of soils or geosynthectics, used. It is divided in chapters approaching the different types of liners, coverings and also the drainage nets of leachate and pluvial water. A brief approach to the used types of liners in different countries was also made. In the last chapter an entity of waste treatment, whose name is not revealead, was studied. The aim is discuss the evaluation of disposal municipal solid waste quantity and precipitation in leachate formation. Is complex to evaluate the influence of the layers in the formation of leachate because exist other factors that influence the production of the same as the precipitation, the amount of wastes and your composition, evapotranspiration, and others.
Modern landfills are highly engineered containment systems, designed to minimize the impact of solid waste on the environment and human health. In landfills, the waste is contained by a liner system. The primary purpose of the liner system is to isolate the landfill contents from the environment and, therefore, to protect the soil and ground water from pollution originating in the landfill. The greatest threat to ground water posed by modern landfills is leachate. Leachate consists of water and water-soluble compounds in the refuse that accumulate as water moves through the landfill. This water may be from rainfall or from the waste itself. Leachate may migrate from the landfill and contaminate soil and ground water, thus presenting a risk to human and environmental health. Landfill liners are designed and constructed to create a barrier between the waste and the environment and to drain the leachate to collection and treatment facilities. This is done to prevent the uncontrolled release of leachate into the environment. The present project essentially intends to approach the question of the influence of different layers in the formation of leachate, having in account, for example, different thicknesses and different types of soils or geosynthectics, used. It is divided in chapters approaching the different types of liners, coverings and also the drainage nets of leachate and pluvial water. A brief approach to the used types of liners in different countries was also made. In the last chapter an entity of waste treatment, whose name is not revealead, was studied. The aim is discuss the evaluation of disposal municipal solid waste quantity and precipitation in leachate formation. Is complex to evaluate the influence of the layers in the formation of leachate because exist other factors that influence the production of the same as the precipitation, the amount of wastes and your composition, evapotranspiration, and others.
Description
Monografia apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de licenciada em Engenharia do Ambiente