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A resposta do Brasil à crise de refugiados venezuelana: uma análise das ações humanitárias desenvolvidas
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Abstract(s)
A Venezuela enfrenta hoje uma crise gerada por problemas políticos, econômicos e – consequentemente – humanitários oriundos de governos anteriores. Nos mandatos dos presidentes Hugo Chávez e Nicolás Maduro, o país passou por quedas consideráveis no preço do barril de petróleo, recessões econômicas, escassez de alimentos básicos nos supermercados e de medicamentos nas farmácias, declínio da infraestrutura de saúde e educação, além de disputas políticas entre apoiadores e opositores de ambos os governos. Com isso, o país passou a reforçar os altos índices de pobreza e desigualdade em todas as classes sociais e, portanto, houve um aumento no número de migrações venezuelanas para outros países. Segundo o ACNUR, estima-se que mais de 4 milhões de venezuelanos saíram de seu país, sendo o maior êxodo na história recente da região. Com isso, o governo brasileiro passou a ser o quinto país que mais recebe venezuelanos e precisou flexibilizar as leis migratórias para que as pessoas pudessem entrar no território nacional e serem acolhidas com base nos direitos humanos estabelecidos pela Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (ONU, 1948). O presente trabalho busca: i) descrever o contexto histórico da Venezuela desde o início das crises econômicas e políticas até os dias de hoje; ii) analisar o modelo de resposta brasileira diante da crise de refúgio venezuelano, descrevendo as ações desenvolvidas pelo Brasil através das figuras do Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados (ACNUR), Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados (Conare), Operação Acolhida e sociedade civil no que se refere aos processos de recepção de refugiados e promoção de suas sobrevivências no Brasil; e iii) recomendar ações que possibilitem a melhorias das ações desenvolvidas pelo Estado brasileiro.
Nowadays, Venezuela faces a crisis caused by political, economic and consequently humanitarian problems engendered from previous governments. During Hugo Chávez’ and Nicolás Maduro’s leaderships, the country experienced considerable falls in the price of barrels of oil, economic recessions, shortages of basic food in supermarkets and medicines in pharmacies, decline in health and education infrastructure, as well as political disputes between supporters and opponents of both governments. Therewith, the country started to reinforce the high rates of poverty and inequality in all the existing social classes and, therefore, there was an increase in the number of Venezuelan migrations to other countries. According to UNHCR, it is estimated that more than 4 million Venezuelans have left their country, being the biggest exodus in the recent history of the region. With that, the Brazilian government became the fifth country that receives the most Venezuelans and needed to make migration laws more flexible so that people could enter the national territory and be welcomed based on the human rights established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN, 1948). The present work aims to: i) describe the historical context of Venezuela from the beginning of the economic and political crises to the present day; ii) analyze the Brazilian response model in the face of the Venezuelan refuge crisis, describing the actions developed by Brazil through the figures of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados (Conare), Operação Acolhida and Civil Society, with regard to processes for receiving refugees and promoting their survival in Brazil; and iii) recommend actions that enable improvements in actions developed by the Brazilian State.
Nowadays, Venezuela faces a crisis caused by political, economic and consequently humanitarian problems engendered from previous governments. During Hugo Chávez’ and Nicolás Maduro’s leaderships, the country experienced considerable falls in the price of barrels of oil, economic recessions, shortages of basic food in supermarkets and medicines in pharmacies, decline in health and education infrastructure, as well as political disputes between supporters and opponents of both governments. Therewith, the country started to reinforce the high rates of poverty and inequality in all the existing social classes and, therefore, there was an increase in the number of Venezuelan migrations to other countries. According to UNHCR, it is estimated that more than 4 million Venezuelans have left their country, being the biggest exodus in the recent history of the region. With that, the Brazilian government became the fifth country that receives the most Venezuelans and needed to make migration laws more flexible so that people could enter the national territory and be welcomed based on the human rights established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN, 1948). The present work aims to: i) describe the historical context of Venezuela from the beginning of the economic and political crises to the present day; ii) analyze the Brazilian response model in the face of the Venezuelan refuge crisis, describing the actions developed by Brazil through the figures of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados (Conare), Operação Acolhida and Civil Society, with regard to processes for receiving refugees and promoting their survival in Brazil; and iii) recommend actions that enable improvements in actions developed by the Brazilian State.
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Keywords
Venezuelanos Refugiados Resposta brasileira Acolhimento Venezuelans Refugees Brazilian response Reception