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As diferenças de género na expressão de traços psicopáticos em casos de homicídio em contexto de violência doméstica
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Abstract(s)
O presente projeto de graduação tem como objetivo delinear uma investigação científica com o propósito de compreender as diferenças de género na expressão de traços psicopáticos em reclusos condenados por homicídio na sequência de crimes de violência doméstica.
A violência doméstica traduz-se num problema social com um enorme impacto no que toca às consequências para as vítimas, para os seus filhos e para a sua comunidade (Ganley, 1995). Esta configura-se num problema de elevada complexidade devido a elementos como a sua continuidade, normalização e tolerância social (Martins, 2013). A violência doméstica acontece sobre as mulheres, no entanto, apesar daquilo que dita o senso comum, as mulheres também tendem a praticar este tipo de violência sobre os seus parceiros.
A psicopatia é considerada um dos transtornos de personalidade mais graves e potencialmente prejudiciais com consequências para as vítimas e para os próprios indivíduos (Leistico, Salekin, Decoster & Rogers, 2008). A expressão deste tipo de traços tende a ser associada à prática de comportamentos criminais (Soeiro & Gonçalves, 2010), comportamentos antissociais, violência e reincidência (Skeem at al., 2011). Algumas das características da psicopatia onde alguns indivíduos apresentam continuadamente uma propensão para a agressão (física ou psicológica), assim como comportamentos manipuladores e hostis (Soeiro e Gonçalves, 2010), podem potenciar a violência também num contexto de violência doméstica. Relativamente às diferenças de género na psicopatia, Lilienfeld (1992), assim como Hamburger (1996), defendem que a Psicopatia se manifesta de forma diferente entre homens e mulheres. Os homens tendem a desenvolver um padrão de comportamento antissocial, enquanto as mulheres tendem a desenvolver um padrão histriónico. Assim sendo, é de elevada importância explorar os conceitos, as suas causas e compreender as diferenças de género em ambos os fenómenos devido ao elevado grau de violência poder resultar em morte.
A nível metodológico, este projeto apresenta uma proposta de investigação com recurso a uma metodologia quantitativa, com aplicação de questionários e escalas a uma amostra de reclusos de ambos os sexos. Pretende-se explorar as diferenças de género na expressão de traços de psicopatia em contexto da violência doméstica grave com escalada para o homicídio.
The purpose of this graduation project is to plan a scientific investigation with the purpose of understanding gender differences in the expression of psychopathic traits in inmates sentenced for murder following domestic violence crimes. Domestic Violence is a social problem with a huge impact in terms of the consequences for victims, their children and their community (Ganley, 1995). It is a highly complex problem due to elements such as its continuity, normalization and social tolerance (Martins, 2013). Domestic violence happens to women, however, despite what common sense dictates, women also tend to practice this type of violence on their partners. Psychopathy is considered one of the most serious and potentially harmful personality disorders, with consequences for the victims and the individuals themselves (Leistico, Salekin, Decoster & Rogers, 2008). The expression of this type of traits tends to be associated with criminal behavior (Soeiro & Gonçalves, 2010), antisocial behavior, violence and recidivism (Skeem at al., 2011). Some of the characteristics of psychopathy, where some individuals continuously present a propensity for aggression (physical or psychological), as well as manipulative and hostile behaviors (Soeiro & Gonçalves, 2010), can also potentiate violence in a context of domestic violence. Regarding Gender differences, Lilienfeld (1992), as well as Hamburger (1996), argue that Psychopathy manifests itself differently between men and women. Men tend to develop an antissocial pattern of behavior, whereas women tend to develop a histrionic pattern. Therefore, it is of high importance to explore the concepts, their causes and to understand the gender differences in both phenomena due to the high degree of violence that can result in death. In methodological terms, this project presents a research proposal based on quantitative method with application of questionnaires and scales to a sample of prisoners of both sexes. It aims to explore gender differences in the expression of psychopathy traits in the context of severe domestic Vvolence with escalation to Homicide.
The purpose of this graduation project is to plan a scientific investigation with the purpose of understanding gender differences in the expression of psychopathic traits in inmates sentenced for murder following domestic violence crimes. Domestic Violence is a social problem with a huge impact in terms of the consequences for victims, their children and their community (Ganley, 1995). It is a highly complex problem due to elements such as its continuity, normalization and social tolerance (Martins, 2013). Domestic violence happens to women, however, despite what common sense dictates, women also tend to practice this type of violence on their partners. Psychopathy is considered one of the most serious and potentially harmful personality disorders, with consequences for the victims and the individuals themselves (Leistico, Salekin, Decoster & Rogers, 2008). The expression of this type of traits tends to be associated with criminal behavior (Soeiro & Gonçalves, 2010), antisocial behavior, violence and recidivism (Skeem at al., 2011). Some of the characteristics of psychopathy, where some individuals continuously present a propensity for aggression (physical or psychological), as well as manipulative and hostile behaviors (Soeiro & Gonçalves, 2010), can also potentiate violence in a context of domestic violence. Regarding Gender differences, Lilienfeld (1992), as well as Hamburger (1996), argue that Psychopathy manifests itself differently between men and women. Men tend to develop an antissocial pattern of behavior, whereas women tend to develop a histrionic pattern. Therefore, it is of high importance to explore the concepts, their causes and to understand the gender differences in both phenomena due to the high degree of violence that can result in death. In methodological terms, this project presents a research proposal based on quantitative method with application of questionnaires and scales to a sample of prisoners of both sexes. It aims to explore gender differences in the expression of psychopathy traits in the context of severe domestic Vvolence with escalation to Homicide.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Criminologia
Keywords
Violência doméstica Psicopatia Género Homicídio Domestic violence Psychopathy Gender Homicide