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Infeção por rinovírus: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento
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| PPG_26544 | 1016.73 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O Rinovírus humano pertence a família Picornaviridae e é o principal responsável pelas infeções agudas do trato respiratório superior, vulgarmente conhecidas como constipações. Representam a causa mais relevante de absentismo escolar e laboral. Os sintomas surgem 2-3 dias após a infeção, caracterizados por congestão nasal, rinorreia e espirros. Resultam da destruição do tecido normal das vias aéreas devido a efeitos diretos do vírus e pró-inflamatórios da resposta imune à infeção.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo, rever a informação disponível sobre a epidemiologia da infeção pelo Rinovírus, formas de diagnóstico e terapêutica.
O trabalho baseou-se numa pesquisa bibliográfica efetuada na PubMed e em livros disponíveis nas bibliotecas da UFP.
Com o presente estudo foi possível rever as características do vírus, a sazonalidade da sua infeção, bem como o ciclo de vida biológica do vírus. Também os métodos de diagnóstico e as opções terapêuticas foram abordadas. Tratando-se de um vírus causador de patologia habitualmente com pouca gravidade, mas que em situações particulares pode ser causa de mortalidade ainda não existe tratamentos específico aprovado. Contudo, o tratamento sintomático inclui o uso de anti-histamínicos, anti-inflamatórios não esteroides e anticolinérgicos.
A administração de alguns fármacos específicos demonstrou ter alguma eficácia, contudo não apresentam beneficio comparado com os efeitos adversos causados. Uma alternativa no combate à infeção é a vacina, mas a grande diversidade de serotipos dificulta o processo.
Human Rhinovirus belongs to the Picornaviridae family and is the major responsible for acute infections of the upper respiratory tract known as common cold. They represent the most relevant cause of school and work absenteeism. The symptoms appear 2-3 days after infection, are characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea and sneezing. They result from the destruction of the normal airway tissue due to direct effects of the virus and pro-inflammatory responses of the immune rsystem. The present study aimed at reviewing the available information on the epidemiology of infection by rhinovirus, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic forms. This work was based on a bibliographical research done on PubMed and on books available in the UFP libraries. With the present study it was possible to review the characteristics of the virus, the seasonality of its infection, as well as the biological lifecycle of the virus. The diagnostic methods and therapeutic options have also been addressed. Since rhinoviruses cause usually only mild infections (although in particular situations it can cause mortality) there is still no specific treatment approved. However, symptomatic treatment includes the use of antihistamines, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and anticholinergics. The administration of some specific drugs has been shown to have some efficacy, however, these do not present benefit when compared to the adverse effects they cause. An alternative to fight these infections is the vaccine, but the great diversity of serotypes hinders the process.
Human Rhinovirus belongs to the Picornaviridae family and is the major responsible for acute infections of the upper respiratory tract known as common cold. They represent the most relevant cause of school and work absenteeism. The symptoms appear 2-3 days after infection, are characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea and sneezing. They result from the destruction of the normal airway tissue due to direct effects of the virus and pro-inflammatory responses of the immune rsystem. The present study aimed at reviewing the available information on the epidemiology of infection by rhinovirus, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic forms. This work was based on a bibliographical research done on PubMed and on books available in the UFP libraries. With the present study it was possible to review the characteristics of the virus, the seasonality of its infection, as well as the biological lifecycle of the virus. The diagnostic methods and therapeutic options have also been addressed. Since rhinoviruses cause usually only mild infections (although in particular situations it can cause mortality) there is still no specific treatment approved. However, symptomatic treatment includes the use of antihistamines, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and anticholinergics. The administration of some specific drugs has been shown to have some efficacy, however, these do not present benefit when compared to the adverse effects they cause. An alternative to fight these infections is the vaccine, but the great diversity of serotypes hinders the process.
Description
Keywords
Constipação Infeção Rinovírus Vírus Tratamento sistemático Tratamento específico AINES WIN Cold Infection Rhinovirus Virus Systematic treatment Specific treatment NSAIDs WIN