Publication
Uso de formulações de nanopartículas lipídicas via direta nariz-cérebro no tratamento das doenças de Alzheimer e de Parkinson: estado da arte
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Abstract(s)
As doenças de Alzheimer e de Parkinson estão atualmente posicionadas como as doenças neurodegenerativas mais prevalentes, constituindo um grande problema de saúde publica. A terapêutica farmacológica para o tratamento destas doenças está significativamente limitada pela dificuldade de os fármacos atingirem o sistema nervoso central (SNC), dadas as múltiplas barreiras físicas e fisiológicas do organismo humano, sendo a barreira hematoencefálica (BHE) a mais relevante na redução da biodisponibilidade dos fármacos.
Neste contexto, a administração intranasal de formulações por via direta nariz-cérebro (nose-to-brain), apresenta vantagens, farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas, que permitem melhorar a atividade farmacológica dos fármacos no local alvo de ação, uma vez que não necessitam de atravessar a BHE. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento de formulações à base de nanossistemas lipídicos, em particular as nanopartículas lipídicas (solid lipid nanoparticles - SLN e nanostructured lipid carriers - NLC), constitui uma alternativa promissora, sendo que o potencial terapêutico, confirmando por vários estudos, permite aumentar a eficácia dos tratamentos de doenças neurodegenerativas, como o Alzheimer e Parkinson. Contudo, até à data não estão comercializados medicamentos contendo SLN ou NLC para o tratamento destas doenças, pelo que são necessárias mais investigações, que incluam ensaios clínicos, para que seja possível a sua comercialização.
Alzheimer´s and Parkinson’s diseases currently stand as the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions, being a major public health challenge. Pharmacological treatment for these diseases faces significant limitations due to the difficulty of drugs in reaching the central nervous system (CNS), given the physical and physiological barriers within the human body, with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) being the most substantial obstacle to achieve high drug bioavailability in the CNS. Within this context, the direct nose-to-brain administration of formulations presents pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages that enhance the pharmacological activity of drugs at their site of action, bypassing the need to cross the BBB. Consequently, the development of lipid-based formulations, particularly solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carries (NLC), emerges as a promising alternative. The therapeutic potential, validated by several studies, holds the promise of improving the efficacy of treatments for neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer´s and Parkinson´s diseases. Nonetheless, medications containing SLN or NLC for treating these conditions have not reached the market, as they need further investigations, including clinical trials.
Alzheimer´s and Parkinson’s diseases currently stand as the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions, being a major public health challenge. Pharmacological treatment for these diseases faces significant limitations due to the difficulty of drugs in reaching the central nervous system (CNS), given the physical and physiological barriers within the human body, with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) being the most substantial obstacle to achieve high drug bioavailability in the CNS. Within this context, the direct nose-to-brain administration of formulations presents pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages that enhance the pharmacological activity of drugs at their site of action, bypassing the need to cross the BBB. Consequently, the development of lipid-based formulations, particularly solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carries (NLC), emerges as a promising alternative. The therapeutic potential, validated by several studies, holds the promise of improving the efficacy of treatments for neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer´s and Parkinson´s diseases. Nonetheless, medications containing SLN or NLC for treating these conditions have not reached the market, as they need further investigations, including clinical trials.
Description
Keywords
Nanopartículas lipídicas Alzheimer Parkinson Via direta nariz-cérebro NLC SLN Lipid nanoparticles Parkinson disease Alzheimer´s disease Nose-to-brain