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O risco de caquexia no doente com DPOC: abordagem nutricional
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Abstract(s)
A caquexia é uma síndrome multifatorial caracterizada, essencialmente, por perda ponderal e de massa muscular. Esta síndrome complexa parte de uma doença subjacente e pode coexistir com várias doenças crónicas. Uma dessas doenças é a DPOC. A DPOC é uma doença de cariz respiratório caracterizada por originar um estreitamento das vias aéreas conduzindo a uma limitação do fluxo de ar. Esta doença é considerada um problema de saúde pública, sendo mais frequente nos países desenvolvidos uma vez que os maiores fatores de risco são, aqui, mais prevalentes. Um doente com DPOC e Caquexia, necessita além do tratamento farmacológico, de suporte nutricional adequado. Tal intervenção nutricional é de extrema importância para melhorar o outcome da doença.
Assim, o presente artigo foi realizado com o objetivo de rever a literatura no âmbito da Caquexia e DPOC no sentido de encontrar uma correlação entre as duas condições fisiológicas.
Esta revisão elaborou-se com auxílio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, onde se utilizou a plataforma PubMed bem como teses de licenciatura e mestrado.
Pacientes em estado avançado de DPOC apresentam, constantemente, baixo peso. A diminuição do peso corporal é identificada como um fator de mau prognóstico. Percebeu-se que há uma forte probabilidade que a caquexia, como forma de desnutrição, acelere o declínio da função respiratória.
Em conclusão assume-se que a caquexia, é, ainda, de difícil definição. É, todavia, possível admitir que a caquexia prejudica o estado de um doente com DPOC e que o tratamento precoce é essencial nos resultados.
Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that is often associated with weight and fat free mass loss. This complex syndrome occurs mainly in major chronic diseases. One of those diseases is the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The COPD is a respiratory disease that leads to a limitation of the air flow that gets to the lungs. This illness can be considered a public health problem. It is more frequent in developed countries as the risk factors are higher there. A patient with COPD and cachexia needs, in addition to pharmacological treatment, adequate nutritional support. Such nutritional intervention is extremely important to improve the disease outcome. This article was accomplished with the aim of reviewing the existing literature about Cachexia and COPD, trying to reach a conclusion about the influence that the two conditions may have on each other. This review was elaborated with the aid of a bibliographical research, where the PubMed platform was used, as well as bachelor's and master's theses. Patients in an advanced stage of COPD are most of the times, underweight. A low body weight is identified as a poor prognostic factor. It was noticed that there is a strong probability that cachexia, as a form of malnutrition, accelerates the decline in respiratory function. In conclusion, it is assumed that cachexia is still difficult to define. It is, however, possible to admit that cachexia impairs the condition of a patient with COPD and that early treatment is essential for better outcomes.
Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that is often associated with weight and fat free mass loss. This complex syndrome occurs mainly in major chronic diseases. One of those diseases is the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The COPD is a respiratory disease that leads to a limitation of the air flow that gets to the lungs. This illness can be considered a public health problem. It is more frequent in developed countries as the risk factors are higher there. A patient with COPD and cachexia needs, in addition to pharmacological treatment, adequate nutritional support. Such nutritional intervention is extremely important to improve the disease outcome. This article was accomplished with the aim of reviewing the existing literature about Cachexia and COPD, trying to reach a conclusion about the influence that the two conditions may have on each other. This review was elaborated with the aid of a bibliographical research, where the PubMed platform was used, as well as bachelor's and master's theses. Patients in an advanced stage of COPD are most of the times, underweight. A low body weight is identified as a poor prognostic factor. It was noticed that there is a strong probability that cachexia, as a form of malnutrition, accelerates the decline in respiratory function. In conclusion, it is assumed that cachexia is still difficult to define. It is, however, possible to admit that cachexia impairs the condition of a patient with COPD and that early treatment is essential for better outcomes.
Description
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Keywords
Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica Caquexia IMC Desnutrição Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cachexia BMI Malnutrition