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Gestão dos efeitos secundários orais da quimioterapia e radioterapia pelo médico dentista: revisão narrativa
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O cancro é uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. Os tumores da cabeça e pescoço têm uma incidência alta. Além da cirurgia, a quimioterapia e a radioterapia têm um papel importante no seu tratamento. Estes tratamentos causam efeitos adversos importantes, nomeadamente a nível da cavidade oral, com um impacto significativo na saúde e qualidade de vida do doente, resultantes do facto de a quimioterapia e a radioterapia levarem à morte das células tumorais mas também das células normais.
Objetivos: Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo estudar as complicações a nível da cavidade oral que ocorrem após os tratamentos com quimioterapia e radioterapia, e salientar o papel do Médico Dentista na sua prevenção e tratamento.
Métodos: Para a elaboração deste trabalho foi consultada a literatura nacional e internacional, onde foram pesquisados os efeitos secundários locais da quimioterapia e da radioterapia e os efeitos sistémicos com repercussões a nível da cavidade oral. Foi consultada a base de dados PubMed, LILACS e ScienceDirect.
Resultados: Os efeitos secundários da quimioterapia e da radioterapia a nível da cavidade oral são vários provocando lesões que vão interferir com a qualidade de vida do doente. Estes efeitos são resultantes de efeitos locais mas também sistémicos. A revisão empírica mostrou que esses efeitos secundários são muito importantes e exigem tratamentos específicos de uma equipa multidisciplinar.
Conclusão: Apesar de a cirurgia ser o tratamento primário no tratamento dos tumores da cabeça e pescoço a quimioterapia e a radioterapia têm assumido um papel importante no seu tratamento quer como terapêutica primária quer como terapêutica complementar à cirurgia, usadas isoladamente ou em associação. Mas estes tratamentos provocam efeitos secundários a nível local mas também efeitos secundários sistémicos com repercussões a nível da cavidade oral. O Médico Dentista desempenha, por isso, um papel significativo no acompanhamento dos doentes submetidos a estes tratamentos.
Introduction: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Tumors of the head and neck have a high incidence. In addition to surgery, chemotherapy and radiation play an important role in its treatment. These treatments cause significant adverse effects, particularly in the oral cavity, with a significant impact on the patient's health and quality of life, and are explained by the fact that these treatments do not allow the destruction of tumor cells without reaching normal cells. Goals: The main objective of this work is to study the complications of the oral cavity that occur after chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, and to highlight the role of the dentist in their prevention and treatment. Methods: For the elaboration of this work, the national and international literature was consulted, where the local side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the systemic effects with repercussions at the level of the oral cavity were researched. The PubMed, LILACS and ScienceDirect databases were consulted. Results: The side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the level of the oral cavity are several, causing lesions that will interfere with the patient's quality of life. These effects are the result of local but also systemic effects. The empirical review showed that these side effects are very important and require specific treatments from a multidisciplinary team. Conclusion: Although surgery is the primary treatment for head and neck tumors, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have played an important role in their treatment, either as primary therapy or as complementary therapy to surgery, used alone or in combination. But these treatments cause local side effects, but also systemic side effects with repercussions in the oral cavity. The Dentist therefore plays a significant role in the follow-up of patients undergoing these treatments.
Introduction: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Tumors of the head and neck have a high incidence. In addition to surgery, chemotherapy and radiation play an important role in its treatment. These treatments cause significant adverse effects, particularly in the oral cavity, with a significant impact on the patient's health and quality of life, and are explained by the fact that these treatments do not allow the destruction of tumor cells without reaching normal cells. Goals: The main objective of this work is to study the complications of the oral cavity that occur after chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, and to highlight the role of the dentist in their prevention and treatment. Methods: For the elaboration of this work, the national and international literature was consulted, where the local side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the systemic effects with repercussions at the level of the oral cavity were researched. The PubMed, LILACS and ScienceDirect databases were consulted. Results: The side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the level of the oral cavity are several, causing lesions that will interfere with the patient's quality of life. These effects are the result of local but also systemic effects. The empirical review showed that these side effects are very important and require specific treatments from a multidisciplinary team. Conclusion: Although surgery is the primary treatment for head and neck tumors, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have played an important role in their treatment, either as primary therapy or as complementary therapy to surgery, used alone or in combination. But these treatments cause local side effects, but also systemic side effects with repercussions in the oral cavity. The Dentist therefore plays a significant role in the follow-up of patients undergoing these treatments.
Description
Keywords
Quimioterapia Radioterapia Efeitos secundários dos tratamentos Médico dentista Mucosite Xerostomia Qualidade de vida Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Side effects of treatments Dentist Mucositis Xerostomia Quality of life