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Diversificação da economia angolana e o potencial das alternativas energéticas
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Abstract(s)
A economia Angolana sofreu, nos últimos anos, o efeito da crise económico-financeira global iniciada em 2008, traduzindo-se numa redução do ritmo de crescimento da economia verificado até esta data. O sector petrolífero, tradicionalmente, alavanca da atividade económica, sofreu uma queda de produção devido, não só, às restrições e limitações de produção, bem como à queda na produção com a redução do preço do petróleo.
A energia desempenha um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento económico e social de Angola, mas dada a excessiva dependência do preço do petróleo ao nível internacional e da sua ineficiência produtiva, aliada às mudanças nas políticas ambientais e energéticas globais, importa que se faça uma reflexão sobre a evolução do sector energético do país, equacionado um modelo diferente de desenvolvimento económico, de diversificação da economia e da exploração de outras fontes de energia, de entre as quais se destacam os biocombustíveis. As energias renováveis surgem como uma alternativa energética segura, saudável, amiga do ambiente e economicamente viável, que nos aproxima dos países desenvolvidos.
Os biocombustíveis tornaram-se populares e começaram a ser vistos como uma alternativa válida aos combustíveis fósseis como o petróleo, em determinados setores, por possuírem um custo menor de produção, por provocarem menor impacto à natureza, já que são biodegradáveis, por poderem ser comercializado a um custo menor, bem como por serem resultantes de fontes renováveis
Os resultados da investigção evidenciam que as melhores alternativas energéticas para reduzir a dependência do petróleo são, segundo os inquiridos, a energia solar, o Biodiesel, a energia hidráulica e o biotenol. Na avaliação da atratividade e do potencial dos biocombustíveis a melhor alternativa recai no Biotenol, seguindo-se o Biodiesel.
The Angolan economy has suffered in recent years the effect of the global economic and financial crisis that began in 2008, translating into a reduction of the pace of growth of the economy verified to date. Traditionally, the oil sector has leapfrogged economic activity, which has suffered a fall in production, due not only to production constraints and limitations, but also to a drop in production with a reduction in the price of oil. Energy plays a key role in the economic and social development of Angola, but given the excessive dependence on the international price of oil and its inefficiency of production, coupled with changes in global environmental and energy policies, it is important to reflect on the development of the country's energy sector, with a different model of economic development, diversification of the economy and exploitation of other energy sources, including biofuels. Renewable energy emerges as a safe, healthy, environmentally friendly and economically viable energy alternative that brings us closer to developed countries. Biofuels became popular and began to be seen as a valid alternative to fossil fuels, such as petroleum, in certain sectors, because they have a lower cost of production, because they have less impact on nature, since they are biodegradable because they can be commercialized at a lower cost, as well as being derived from renewable sources. The results of the research show that the best energy alternatives to reduce dependence on oil are, according to the respondents, solar energy, biodiesel, hydroelectric power and biotenol. In the evaluation of the attractiveness and potential of biofuels the best alternative lies in Biotenol, followed by Biodiesel.
The Angolan economy has suffered in recent years the effect of the global economic and financial crisis that began in 2008, translating into a reduction of the pace of growth of the economy verified to date. Traditionally, the oil sector has leapfrogged economic activity, which has suffered a fall in production, due not only to production constraints and limitations, but also to a drop in production with a reduction in the price of oil. Energy plays a key role in the economic and social development of Angola, but given the excessive dependence on the international price of oil and its inefficiency of production, coupled with changes in global environmental and energy policies, it is important to reflect on the development of the country's energy sector, with a different model of economic development, diversification of the economy and exploitation of other energy sources, including biofuels. Renewable energy emerges as a safe, healthy, environmentally friendly and economically viable energy alternative that brings us closer to developed countries. Biofuels became popular and began to be seen as a valid alternative to fossil fuels, such as petroleum, in certain sectors, because they have a lower cost of production, because they have less impact on nature, since they are biodegradable because they can be commercialized at a lower cost, as well as being derived from renewable sources. The results of the research show that the best energy alternatives to reduce dependence on oil are, according to the respondents, solar energy, biodiesel, hydroelectric power and biotenol. In the evaluation of the attractiveness and potential of biofuels the best alternative lies in Biotenol, followed by Biodiesel.
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Keywords
Economia angolana Diversificação Alternativa estratégica Biocombustíveis Angolan economy Diversification Strategic alternative Biofuels