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Publicação
Osteíte facial de causa local: uma revisão de escopo
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| Projeto de pós-graduação_39516 | 1.08 MB | Adobe PDF |
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As osteítes de causa local da face representam um grupo heterogéneo de patologias ósseas cuja etiologia está mais frequentemente relacionada com fatores odontogénicos, traumáticos, iatrogénicos ou contextuais. Apesar da sua frequência, a literatura permanece fragmentada e sem consenso sobre a classificação, a terminologia e as estratégias terapêuticas. Esta revisão cartográfica visa explorar, sintetizar e organizar os conhecimentos disponíveis sobre osteítes, a partir de uma seleção rigorosa de artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2025, em três bases de dados. A estratégia de pesquisa foi conduzida de acordo com o modelo PICO e a metodologia PRISMA-ScR. Os critérios de inclusão permitiram identificar estudos realizados em pacientes humanos, especificamente sobre osteítes de causa local. Os resultados evidenciaram uma predominância de causas infeciosas, nomeadamente infeções periapicais, alveolites e pericoronarites. As causas traumáticas, como sequelas de extrações complexas ou fraturas mandibulares, bem como certas complicações medicamentosas (em particular relacionadas com bisfosfonatos ou anti-TNFα) também foram documentadas. Os fatores favorecedores, tais como tabagismo, diabetes mellitus ou má higiene bucodental, são recorrentes nos casos mais graves ou refratários. O diagnóstico baseia-se na associação de uma anamnese direcionada, um exame clínico aprofundado, imagens adequadas (TC, RM, cintilografia) e análises complementares (microbiológicas ou histológicas). Em termos de tratamento, a revisão confirma a importância de uma abordagem progressiva e multimodal, combinando prevenção, antibióticos, intervenções cirúrgicas direcionadas e, em alguns casos, recurso a terapias complementares, como oxigenoterapia hiperbárica ou fotobiomodulação. Em conclusão, esta revisão destaca a heterogeneidade das práticas e a necessidade de estudos futuros mais padronizados, a fim de permitir uma classificação unificada e um melhor tratamento destas patologias frequentemente negligenciadas.
Localized osteitis of the face represents a heterogeneous group of bone disorders whose aetiology is most often linked to odontogenic, traumatic, iatrogenic or contextual factors. Despite their frequency, the literature remains fragmented and there is no consensus on classification, terminology and therapeutic strategies. This mapping review aims to explore, synthesize and organize the available knowledge on these osteitis conditions, based on a rigorous selection of articles published between 2010 and 2025 in PubMed. The search strategy was conducted according to the PICO model and the PRISMA-ScR methodology. The inclusion criteria identified studies conducted on human patients, specifically focusing on osteitis of local cause. The results highlighted a predominance of infectious causes, particularly periapical infections, alveolitis and pericoronitis. Traumatic causes, such as the aftermath of complex extractions or mandibular fractures, as well as certain drug-related complications (particularly those linked to bisphosphonates or anti-TNFα agents), were also documented. Contributing factors — such as smoking, diabetes or poor oral hygiene — are recurrent in the most severe or refractory cases. Diagnosis is based on a combination of a targeted medical history, a thorough clinical examination, appropriate imaging (CT, MRI, scintigraphy) and additional analyses (microbiological or histological). In terms of treatment, the review confirms the importance of a progressive, multimodal approach combining prevention, antibiotic therapy, targeted surgical interventions and, in some cases, complementary therapies such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy or photobiomodulation. In conclusion, this review highlights the heterogeneity of practices and the need for more standardized future studies to enable a unified classification and better management of these often-neglected pathologies.
Localized osteitis of the face represents a heterogeneous group of bone disorders whose aetiology is most often linked to odontogenic, traumatic, iatrogenic or contextual factors. Despite their frequency, the literature remains fragmented and there is no consensus on classification, terminology and therapeutic strategies. This mapping review aims to explore, synthesize and organize the available knowledge on these osteitis conditions, based on a rigorous selection of articles published between 2010 and 2025 in PubMed. The search strategy was conducted according to the PICO model and the PRISMA-ScR methodology. The inclusion criteria identified studies conducted on human patients, specifically focusing on osteitis of local cause. The results highlighted a predominance of infectious causes, particularly periapical infections, alveolitis and pericoronitis. Traumatic causes, such as the aftermath of complex extractions or mandibular fractures, as well as certain drug-related complications (particularly those linked to bisphosphonates or anti-TNFα agents), were also documented. Contributing factors — such as smoking, diabetes or poor oral hygiene — are recurrent in the most severe or refractory cases. Diagnosis is based on a combination of a targeted medical history, a thorough clinical examination, appropriate imaging (CT, MRI, scintigraphy) and additional analyses (microbiological or histological). In terms of treatment, the review confirms the importance of a progressive, multimodal approach combining prevention, antibiotic therapy, targeted surgical interventions and, in some cases, complementary therapies such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy or photobiomodulation. In conclusion, this review highlights the heterogeneity of practices and the need for more standardized future studies to enable a unified classification and better management of these often-neglected pathologies.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Osteíte Ossos faciais Mandíbula Maxila Infeção óssea Osteitis Facial bones Mandible Maxilla Bone infection