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Perceção dos consumidores sobre a fraude alimentar: papel fiscalizador da ASAE em Portugal
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| Projeto de graduação_2023105714 | 497.55 KB | Adobe PDF |
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A alimentação constitui uma dimensão essencial da condição humana, intrinsecamente alicerçada numa relação de confiança implícita entre o cidadão e a cadeia de abastecimento. Contudo, a vulnerabilidade desta relação perante condutas ilícitas revela a fraude alimentar não apenas como uma distorção de mercado, mas como uma quebra profunda do pacto social de segurança. A fraude alimentar, caracterizada pela substituição, adição, rotulagem indevida ou adulteração intencional de géneros alimentícios, é fundamentalmente motivada pelo ganho económico e pelo baixo risco percebido de deteção e punição. Este fenómeno complexo constitui uma ameaça insidiosa à saúde pública, expondo os consumidores a riscos diretos, indiretos e técnicos decorrentes da perda drástica da rastreabilidade dos produtos comercializados. Neste cenário de crescente globalização e sofisticação das práticas ilícitas, em Portugal, a Autoridade de Segurança Alimentar e Económica (ASAE) assume um papel vital e incontornável. Enquanto autoridade administrativa e Órgão de Polícia Criminal, atua de forma rigorosa, através de medidas preventivas e reativas, para mitigar esta criminalidade, assegurar o cumprimento da lei e garantir a proteção absoluta da saúde dos consumidores.
O presente projeto de graduação propõe-se a analisar rigorosamente a forma como os consumidores portugueses percecionam o fenómeno da fraude alimentar e de que forma esta ameaça impacta o seu sentimento de segurança e a confiança na atuação da ASAE. Para o efeito, propõe-se o desenvolvimento de um estudo empírico de natureza quantitativa, observacional e transversal. O desenho metodológico prevê a aplicação de um questionário estruturado, assente em plataformas digitais, a uma amostra calculada no mínimo a 384 participantes adultos (compreendidos entre os 18 e os 65 anos), residentes no concelho do Porto.
Com a futura implementação deste estudo empírico, espera-se aferir a real extensão das lacunas no conhecimento dos consumidores perante o atual mercado alimentar. Pretende-se, de igual modo, compreender o impacto determinante de variáveis sociodemográficas, mormente a idade e o nível de escolaridade, na capacidade de identificação de riscos associados a esta infração. Ambiciona-se que as conclusões a ser obtidas possam contribuir para uma reflexão científica informada sobre a premência de promover a literacia alimentar e desenvolver campanhas de consciencialização mais direcionadas. Por fim, espera-se auxiliar no fortalecimento contínuo da confiança pública nos mecanismos institucionais de controlo de segurança em Portugal.
Food constitutes an essential dimension of the human condition, intrinsically founded on an implicit relationship of trust between citizens and the supply chain. However, the vulnerability of this relationship to illicit conduct reveals food fraud not merely as a market distortion, but as a profound breach of the social pact of safety. Food fraud, characterized by the intentional substitution, addition, mislabeling, or adulteration of foodstuffs, is fundamentally driven by economic gain and the perceived low risk of detection and punishment. This complex phenomenon poses an insidious threat to public health, exposing consumers to direct, indirect, and technical risks resulting from the drastic loss of traceability of marketed products. In this scenario of increasing globalization and sophistication of illicit practices, the Portuguese Economic and Food Safety Authority (ASAE) assumes a vital and indispensable role. As an administrative authority and Criminal Police Organ, it acts rigorously, through preventive and reactive measures, to mitigate this criminality, ensure compliance with the law, and guarantee the absolute protection of consumer health. This graduation project aims to rigorously analyze how Portuguese consumers perceive the phenomenon of food fraud and how this threat impacts their sense of security and trust in ASAE's actions. To this end, it proposes the development of a quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional empirical study. The methodological design involves the application of a structured questionnaire, distributed via digital platforms, to a calculated sample of at least 384 adult participants (aged between 18 and 65 years) residing in the municipality of Porto. With the future implementation of this empirical study, it is expected to assess the true extent of consumers' knowledge gaps regarding the current food market. Likewise, it intends to understand the determining impact of sociodemographic variables, notably age and education level, on the ability to identify risks associated with this infraction. It is hoped that the anticipated conclusions will contribute to an informed scientific reflection on the urgency of promoting food literacy and developing more targeted awareness campaigns. Ultimately, it aims to assist in the continuous strengthening of public trust in institutional safety control mechanisms in Portugal.
Food constitutes an essential dimension of the human condition, intrinsically founded on an implicit relationship of trust between citizens and the supply chain. However, the vulnerability of this relationship to illicit conduct reveals food fraud not merely as a market distortion, but as a profound breach of the social pact of safety. Food fraud, characterized by the intentional substitution, addition, mislabeling, or adulteration of foodstuffs, is fundamentally driven by economic gain and the perceived low risk of detection and punishment. This complex phenomenon poses an insidious threat to public health, exposing consumers to direct, indirect, and technical risks resulting from the drastic loss of traceability of marketed products. In this scenario of increasing globalization and sophistication of illicit practices, the Portuguese Economic and Food Safety Authority (ASAE) assumes a vital and indispensable role. As an administrative authority and Criminal Police Organ, it acts rigorously, through preventive and reactive measures, to mitigate this criminality, ensure compliance with the law, and guarantee the absolute protection of consumer health. This graduation project aims to rigorously analyze how Portuguese consumers perceive the phenomenon of food fraud and how this threat impacts their sense of security and trust in ASAE's actions. To this end, it proposes the development of a quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional empirical study. The methodological design involves the application of a structured questionnaire, distributed via digital platforms, to a calculated sample of at least 384 adult participants (aged between 18 and 65 years) residing in the municipality of Porto. With the future implementation of this empirical study, it is expected to assess the true extent of consumers' knowledge gaps regarding the current food market. Likewise, it intends to understand the determining impact of sociodemographic variables, notably age and education level, on the ability to identify risks associated with this infraction. It is hoped that the anticipated conclusions will contribute to an informed scientific reflection on the urgency of promoting food literacy and developing more targeted awareness campaigns. Ultimately, it aims to assist in the continuous strengthening of public trust in institutional safety control mechanisms in Portugal.
Descrição
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Criminologia.
Palavras-chave
Fraude alimentar Segurança alimentar Perceção do consumidor Criminologia económica Saúde pública Fiscalização Food fraud Food safety Consumer perception Economic criminology Public health Enforcement