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O envolvimento do pai durante a gravidez, trabalho de parto e parto: sentimentos percecionados durante e após o nascimento
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Abstract(s)
Em Portugal, o conceito de parentalidade tem vindo a evoluir, dando oportunidade ao pai de estar presente no desenvolvimento do seu filho. É possível verificar que existe uma diferença entre a parentalidade vivida antes dos anos setenta e a parentalidade atualmente vivenciada. O pai começa a apresentar um maior envolvimento durante o processo de gravidez e consequentemente demonstra interesse em participar ativamente no trabalho de parto e parto.
Tradicionalmente, a gravidez e o parto eram experienciados como um acontecimento unicamente feminino, presenciado pelos elementos do grupo social da parturiente e que a auxiliavam durante o trabalho de parto e parto, como a mãe, parentes, vizinhas e a parteira.
No entanto com a mudança de paradigma do conceito de parentalidade, o pai começa a ter uma participação mais ativa em todo o processo de nascimento do seu filho, possibilitando assim, um maior envolvimento emocional e comportamental com o mesmo. É também possível, com esta mudança, observar e analisar quais os principais sentimentos percecionados pelo pai durante e após o nascimento do seu filho.
É ainda necessário referenciar que o envolvimento paterno é dependente de um conjunto de variáveis, como a personalidade e características de cada pai, as vivências anteriores, o processo da gravidez, o processo do trabalho de parto e parto e ainda o trabalho e horário de trabalho do pai.
Os principais objetivos deste estudo foram tentar conhecer o envolvimento do pai na gravidez, trabalho de parto e parto, reconhecer qual o papel do enfermeiro no envolvimento do pai neste processo e identificar os sentimentos percecionados pelo mesmo durante e após o nascimento do seu filho. O tipo de estudo realizado foi quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório simples e o método de colheita de dados foi o questionário aplicado a pais entre os 21 e 45 anos cujo filho nasceu há menos de 6 meses, sendo o processo de amostragem em bola de neve.
É possível concluir que todos os pais estiveram presentes no parto e que os sentimentos por si percecionados variaram consoante o momento, ou seja, os sentimentos percecionados durante o nascimento eram diferentes dos sentimentos percecionados após o nascimento do filho. Sendo que durante o nascimento os sentimentos mais percecionados foram ansiedade, a felicidade e nervosismo, após o nascimento os sentimentos foram o alívio, a felicidade e o instinto protetor.
In Portugal, the concept of parenting has been evolving, giving the father the opportunity to be present in the development of his child. It is possible to verify that there is a difference between the parenting lived before the seventies and the parenting currently experienced. The father begins to show greater involvement during the pregnancy process and consequently shows an interest in actively participating in labor and delivery. Traditionally, pregnancy and childbirth were experienced as a uniquely female event, witnessed by the social group members of the laboring parturient that assisted her during labor and delivery, such as the mother, the relatives, the neighbors, and the midwife. However, with the paradigm shift of the concept of parenting, the father begins to take a more active part in the whole process of birth of his child, thus enabling a greater emotional and behavioral involvement with it. It is also possible, with this change, to observe and analyze what are the main feelings perceived by the father during and after the birth of his child. It is also necessary to mention that parental involvement is dependent on a set of variables, such as the personality and characteristics of each parent, previous experiences, the process of pregnancy, the process of labor and delivery and also work and working hours of father. It is also necessary to mention that parental involvement is dependent on a set of variables, such as the personality and characteristics of each parent, previous experiences, the process of pregnancy, the process of labor and delivery and also work and working hours of Father. The type of study was quantitative, descriptive, simple exploratory and the method of data collection was the questionnaire applied to parents between the ages of 21 and 45 whose child was born less than 6 months, being the process of snowball sampling. It is possible to conclude that all the parents were present at the delivery and that the feelings they perceived varied according to the moment, that is, the feelings perceived during the birth were different from the feelings perceived after the birth of the child. Being that at birth the most perceived feelings were anxiety, happiness and nervousness, after birth the feelings were relief, happiness and protective instinct.
In Portugal, the concept of parenting has been evolving, giving the father the opportunity to be present in the development of his child. It is possible to verify that there is a difference between the parenting lived before the seventies and the parenting currently experienced. The father begins to show greater involvement during the pregnancy process and consequently shows an interest in actively participating in labor and delivery. Traditionally, pregnancy and childbirth were experienced as a uniquely female event, witnessed by the social group members of the laboring parturient that assisted her during labor and delivery, such as the mother, the relatives, the neighbors, and the midwife. However, with the paradigm shift of the concept of parenting, the father begins to take a more active part in the whole process of birth of his child, thus enabling a greater emotional and behavioral involvement with it. It is also possible, with this change, to observe and analyze what are the main feelings perceived by the father during and after the birth of his child. It is also necessary to mention that parental involvement is dependent on a set of variables, such as the personality and characteristics of each parent, previous experiences, the process of pregnancy, the process of labor and delivery and also work and working hours of father. It is also necessary to mention that parental involvement is dependent on a set of variables, such as the personality and characteristics of each parent, previous experiences, the process of pregnancy, the process of labor and delivery and also work and working hours of Father. The type of study was quantitative, descriptive, simple exploratory and the method of data collection was the questionnaire applied to parents between the ages of 21 and 45 whose child was born less than 6 months, being the process of snowball sampling. It is possible to conclude that all the parents were present at the delivery and that the feelings they perceived varied according to the moment, that is, the feelings perceived during the birth were different from the feelings perceived after the birth of the child. Being that at birth the most perceived feelings were anxiety, happiness and nervousness, after birth the feelings were relief, happiness and protective instinct.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Enfermagem
Keywords
Envolvimento Parentalidade Gravidez Trabalho de parto Parto Sentimentos Involvement Parenting Pregnancy Labor Childbirth Feelings