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MicroRNAs: mediadores moleculares da senescĂȘncia e do envelhecimento
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Abstract(s)
Os microRNAs (miRNAs) sĂŁo curtas cadeias de RNA nĂŁo codificante, com cerca de 18 a 25 nucleotĂdeos, que regulam os nĂveis de mRNAs que sĂŁo produzidos a partir de genes codificantes de proteĂnas. A descoberta dos miRNAs e a sua subsequente caracterização estrutural e funcional revelou a existĂȘncia de um novo processo de regulação pĂłs-transcricional da expressĂŁo gĂ©nica em cĂ©lulas eucariĂłticas que afeta uma grande variedade de funçÔes celulares. A senescĂȘncia acompanha o processo de evelhecimento dos organismos e Ă© manifestada pela perda da capacidade proliferativa das cĂ©lulas em resposta a diversos fatores de stress que desencadeiam alteraçÔes moleculares especĂficas. Na Ășltima dĂ©cada foram identificados e caracterizados vĂĄrios miRNAs que participam na regulação do fenĂłtipo da senescĂȘncia celular, quer atravĂ©s da modulação de vias de sinalização endĂłgenas que controlam a progressĂŁo do ciclo celular, quer atravĂ©s da secreção de factores de sinalização. VĂĄrios estudos tĂȘm tambĂ©m revelado a enorme potencialidade dos miRNAs como biomarcadores e alvos moleculares de novas abordagens terapĂȘuticas. No futuro, Ă© expectĂĄvel que os avanços cientĂficos possam ser transferidos para a prĂĄtica clĂnica com vista a uma efetiva prevenção, vigilĂąncia e tratamento do envelhecimento prematuro e de doenças associadas ao envelhecimento.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding strands of RNA, of about 18 to 25 nucleotides, which regulate the level of mRNAs that are produced from protein-coding genes. The discovery of miRNAs and its subsequent structural and functional characterisation revealed a new process of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells which affect a wide variety of cellular functions. The senescence go along with the aging process observed in organisms, being expressed by the loss of the cell proliferative ability in response to several stress factors that trigger specific molecular alterations. In the last decade, several miRNAs with regulatory roles in the cellular senescence phenotype through their action in endogenous signalling pathways involved in the control the cell cycle progression or in the secretion of signalling factors have been identified and characterized. Several studies have also unraveled the tremendous potentiality of miRNAs as biomarkers and molecular targets of new therapeutic approaches. In the future, all these scientific advances are expected to be translated into clinical practice for an effective prevention, surveillance and treatment of premature aging and aging-associated diseases.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding strands of RNA, of about 18 to 25 nucleotides, which regulate the level of mRNAs that are produced from protein-coding genes. The discovery of miRNAs and its subsequent structural and functional characterisation revealed a new process of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells which affect a wide variety of cellular functions. The senescence go along with the aging process observed in organisms, being expressed by the loss of the cell proliferative ability in response to several stress factors that trigger specific molecular alterations. In the last decade, several miRNAs with regulatory roles in the cellular senescence phenotype through their action in endogenous signalling pathways involved in the control the cell cycle progression or in the secretion of signalling factors have been identified and characterized. Several studies have also unraveled the tremendous potentiality of miRNAs as biomarkers and molecular targets of new therapeutic approaches. In the future, all these scientific advances are expected to be translated into clinical practice for an effective prevention, surveillance and treatment of premature aging and aging-associated diseases.
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Keywords
RNA nĂŁo codificante microRNA SenescĂȘncia Envelhecimento Noncoding RNA microRNA Senescence Aging