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Publication
O papel do médico dentista no diagnóstico de cancro oral e orofaríngeo no Brasil: revisão narrativa
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| 42108 | 754.56 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças bucais têm um papel fundamental na saúde da população brasileira.
O médico Dentista desempenha um papel primordial nesse processo, pois é responsável por identificar, tratar ou encaminhar esse paciente a um profissional ou uma rede de apoio especializada para o tratamento do paciente em diversas patologias, incluindo o cancro oral.
Nessa Revisão Narrativa abordaremos dados relevantes de índices estatísticos no contexto atual de cancro oral e orofaríngeo no país, as principais lesões potencialmente malignas, hábitos que influenciam a carcinogénese, sendo um dos principais agentes de prevenção e diagnóstico, pois nesse processo é capaz de identificar em sua inspeção visual e exame clínico, alterações na cavidade oral.
Numa anamnese detalhada é possível identificar lesões potencialmente malignas e através de questionamento, identificar hábitos tabágicos, etilismo e exposição a agentes que podem levar a carcinogénese.
A realização de biópsias é essencial para confirmar o diagnóstico de cancro oral e determinar o estágio da doença. A inteligência artificial é um auxílio de mais-valia no diagnóstico e tratamento de cancro no Brasil e no mundo.
O atraso no início do tratamento está associado a menor índice de sobrevida e qualidade de vida dos pacientes com cancro. No Brasil, o prazo máximo estabelecido por lei para o início do tratamento oncológico após neoplasia maligna confirmada é de 60 dias, porém, o cumprimento desse prazo ainda não é uma realidade. Dados do Painel Oncológico indicam que 50% dos casos de cancro de boca diagnosticados em 2020 foram tratados em mais de 60 dias, variando de 37% na Região Sul e 55% na Região Norte.
Mesmo com o aumento da qualidade de equipamentos e tecnologia, o diagnóstico precoce em estágios iniciais ainda não é uma realidade, mas é possível reduzir a incidência e mortalidade do cancro de boca e orofaringe por meio de medidas de prevenção primária e deteção precoce.
É preciso capacitação dos profissionais de saúde para reconhecer os principais sinais e sintomas, procedimentos de diagnóstico em tempo oportuno, orientar e encaminhar esses pacientes para um tratamento adequado e uma rede de atenção à saúde organizada.
The diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases play a fundamental role in the health of the Brazilian population. The dentist plays a key role in this process, as he is responsible for identifying, treating or referring the patient to a professional or specialized support network for the treatment of the patient for various pathologies, including oral cancer. In this Narrative Review we will address relevant data from statistical indices in the current context of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the country, the main potentially malignant lesions, habits that influence carcinogenesis, being one of the main prevention and diagnosis agents, as in this process it is capable of identifying in its visual inspection and clinical examination changes in the oral cavity. In a detailed anamnesis it is possible to identify potentially malignant lesions and through questioning identify smoking habits, alcohol consumption and exposure to agents that can lead to carcinogenesis. Taking biopsies is essential to confirm the diagnosis of oral cancer and determine the stage of the disease. Artificial intelligence is a valuable aid in the diagnosis and treatment of Cancer in Brazil and around the world. Delay in starting treatment is associated with lower survival rates and quality of life for cancer patients. In Brazil, the maximum period established by law for starting oncological treatment after confirmed malignant neoplasia is 60 days, but compliance with this period is not yet a reality. Data from the Oncology Panel indicate that 50% of mouth cancer cases diagnosed in 2020 were treated in more than 60 days, ranging from 37% in the South Region and 55% in the North Region. Even with the increase in the quality of equipment and technology, early diagnosis in the early stages is not yet a reality, but it is possible to reduce the incidence and mortality of mouth and oropharyngeal cancer through primary prevention and early detection measures. It is necessary to train health professionals to recognize the main signs and symptoms, perform diagnostic procedures in a timely manner, guide and refer these patients to appropriate treatment and an organized health care network.
The diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases play a fundamental role in the health of the Brazilian population. The dentist plays a key role in this process, as he is responsible for identifying, treating or referring the patient to a professional or specialized support network for the treatment of the patient for various pathologies, including oral cancer. In this Narrative Review we will address relevant data from statistical indices in the current context of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the country, the main potentially malignant lesions, habits that influence carcinogenesis, being one of the main prevention and diagnosis agents, as in this process it is capable of identifying in its visual inspection and clinical examination changes in the oral cavity. In a detailed anamnesis it is possible to identify potentially malignant lesions and through questioning identify smoking habits, alcohol consumption and exposure to agents that can lead to carcinogenesis. Taking biopsies is essential to confirm the diagnosis of oral cancer and determine the stage of the disease. Artificial intelligence is a valuable aid in the diagnosis and treatment of Cancer in Brazil and around the world. Delay in starting treatment is associated with lower survival rates and quality of life for cancer patients. In Brazil, the maximum period established by law for starting oncological treatment after confirmed malignant neoplasia is 60 days, but compliance with this period is not yet a reality. Data from the Oncology Panel indicate that 50% of mouth cancer cases diagnosed in 2020 were treated in more than 60 days, ranging from 37% in the South Region and 55% in the North Region. Even with the increase in the quality of equipment and technology, early diagnosis in the early stages is not yet a reality, but it is possible to reduce the incidence and mortality of mouth and oropharyngeal cancer through primary prevention and early detection measures. It is necessary to train health professionals to recognize the main signs and symptoms, perform diagnostic procedures in a timely manner, guide and refer these patients to appropriate treatment and an organized health care network.
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Keywords
Cancro oral no Brasil Distúrbios orais potencialmente malignos Diagnóstico precoce Prognóstico Oral câncer in Brazil Potentially malignant oral disorders Early diagnosis Prognosis