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A importância clínica dos antibióticos β-lactâmicos
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Abstract(s)
Os antibióticos β-lactâmicos são inibidores da biossíntese do peptidoglicano, molécula exclusiva da parede celular das bactérias, sendo considerados antibióticos antiparietais. Portanto, são desprovidos de atividade antifúngica, antiprotozoário e de ação viral. Como as células do Homem são eucariotas, estas não possuem parede celular e, por isso, os antimicrobianos β-lactâmicos não exibem grandes efeitos secundários sobre as células do organismo humano, têm atividade sobre bactérias de Gram positivo e de Gram negativo, aeróbias e anaeróbias, têm uma boa distribuição corpórea e exibem atividade bactericida, revelando sinergismo com outros antibióticos bactericidas, o que justifica a sua grande utilização clínica.
Os isolados clínicos têm revelado resistência a esta família de antibióticos sendo de realçar entre as bactérias de Gram positivo, a presença de MRSA, e a presença de isolados produtores de carbapenemases entre as bactérias de Gram negativo, nomeadamente em Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Escherichia coli.
Neste trabalho são discutidas novas moléculas antibióticas β-lactâmicas e outras alternativas antimicrobianas na clínica, nomeadamente antibióticos antimembranares.
B-lactam antibiotics are inhibitors of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, an exclusive molecule of the bacterial cell wall, being considered antiparietal antibiotics. They are therefore devoid of antifungal, antiprotozoal and viral action. As human cells are eukaryotic, they have no cell wall and therefore β-lactam antimicrobials do not exhibit major side effects on human body cells, have activity on Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, aerobic and anaerobic, have good body distribution and exhibit bactericidal activity, showing synergism with other bactericidal antibiotics, which justifies their widespread clinical use. Clinical isolates have shown resistance to this family of antibiotics. Of note is Gram positive bacteria, the presence of MRSA, and the presence of carbapenemase producing isolates among Gram-negative bacteria, namely in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In this paper new β-lactam antibiotic molecules and other antimicrobial alternatives in the clinic are discussed, namely antimembrane antibiotics.
B-lactam antibiotics are inhibitors of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, an exclusive molecule of the bacterial cell wall, being considered antiparietal antibiotics. They are therefore devoid of antifungal, antiprotozoal and viral action. As human cells are eukaryotic, they have no cell wall and therefore β-lactam antimicrobials do not exhibit major side effects on human body cells, have activity on Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, aerobic and anaerobic, have good body distribution and exhibit bactericidal activity, showing synergism with other bactericidal antibiotics, which justifies their widespread clinical use. Clinical isolates have shown resistance to this family of antibiotics. Of note is Gram positive bacteria, the presence of MRSA, and the presence of carbapenemase producing isolates among Gram-negative bacteria, namely in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In this paper new β-lactam antibiotic molecules and other antimicrobial alternatives in the clinic are discussed, namely antimembrane antibiotics.
Description
Keywords
β-lactâmico β‐lactamases Resistência Antibiótico Bactérias multirresistentes β-lactam β‐lactamases Resistance Antibiotic Multiresistant bacteria