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Perceção subjetiva de condutores rodoviários de veículos ligeiros e pesados residentes em Portugal: um estudo exploratório
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo tem como finalidade estudar a perceção subjetiva de condutores rodoviários de veículos ligeiros e pesados residentes em Portugal. Um estudo exploratório. Assim, como objetivo principal da presente pesquisa investigou-se compreender a forma como os condutores avaliam o seu comportamento e emoções na condução própria e nas dos outros no contexto das estradas portuguesas. Assim, investigou-se a sinistralidade e prevenção rodoviária, habilidades profissionais, o papel da psicologia e dos profissionais desta área na promoção da educação para uma condução mais normativa e conscientização de cidadania, avaliação psicológica, a tarefa da condução, estratégias conscientes ou inconsciente de “Coping”, ”Coaching” e “Stress Ocupacional”, para contornar defensivamente os fatores psicológicos, emocionais e repercussões a nível social. Diante disso, “as medidas para a construção de locais de trabalho saudáveis implicam o envolvimento de psicólogos que, para além do seu papel na saúde ocupacional, desempenham um papel estrutural e estratégico nas organizações” (OPP, 2023).
Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica tendo utilizado como técnica de recolha de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas, assim, foram realizadas oito entrevistas a diferentes condutores. Através da análise dos discursos dos entrevistados, a metodologia de investigação subjacente ao estudo é de cariz qualitativa. A população do estudo foi constituída por condutores da empresa DS SMITH, situada em Portugal, Porto, no período de fevereiro de 2023 a junho de 2023. Porém, em relação aos resultados, a esmagadora maioria dos portugueses entende que a principal causa de sinistralidade em Portugal é a falta de civismo dos condutores de ligeiros e pesados e as infraestruturas. O comportamento dos demais condutores aparece como um aspecto interessante, stressante e preocupante para os motoristas de pesados. Diante disso, a procura pela paciência é um movimento interno constante dos condutores entrevistados.
Contudo, “a psicologia do tráfego conceptualiza-se como o estudo dos processos/fenómenos psicossociais subjacentes ao comportamento dos atores envolvidos na utilização das vias, com o objetivo de contribuir para a mobilidade sustentável, segurança e qualidade de vida dos participantes no sistema de tráfego” (OPP, 2022, p.4). No entanto, sobre a situação dos trabalhadores rodoviários destacamos a dos motoristas, eles não trabalham num local fixo, a sua jornada de trabalho é realizada nas agitações do trânsito, não tendo poder de decisão sobre quem circula nas estradas portuguesas. Neste sentido, no discurso dos entrevistados verbalizam que uma das várias causas potenciadoras da sinistralidade rodoviária está diretamente relacionada com o estado psicológico/anímico do condutor. Desta forma, a perceção é a porta de entrada do mundo na consciência. Contudo, é a partir dela que o sujeito tem revelado para si os factos e fenómenos.
Em suma, a partir da pesquisa realizada é possível perceber que a principal dificuldade que advém da falta de civismo e desrespeito pelas regras do trânsito traduz-se na falta de reconhecimento dos condutores sobre as suas atitudes como fatores de risco. Apontam, que muitas vezes os fatores de acidentes englobam também, o fator psicológico, as pessoas funcionam no trânsito de acordo com o seu dia e contexto.
The present study aims to study the subjective perception of road drivers of light and heavy vehicles residing in Portugal. An exploratory study. Thus, the main objective of this research was to understand how drivers evaluate their behavior and emotions in driving themselves and others in the context of Portuguese roads. Thus, we investigated road accidents and prevention, professional skills, the role of psychology and professionals in this area in promoting education for a more normative driving and citizenship awareness, psychological assessment, the driving task, conscious or unconscious strategies of "Coping", "Coaching" and "Occupational Stress", to defensively circumvent psychological and emotional factors and repercussions at the social level. In view of this, “measures to build healthy workplaces imply the involvement of psychologists who, in addition to their role in occupational health, play a structural and strategic role in organizations” (OPP, 2023). This is bibliographic research having been used as a data collection technique for semi-structured interviews, thus, eight interviews were conducted with different drivers. Through the analysis of the interviewees' speeches, the research methodology underlying the study is qualitative. The population of the study consisted of drivers of the company DS SMITH, located in Portugal, Porto, in the period from February 2023 to June 2023. However, in relation to the results, the overwhelming majority of Portuguese people understand that the main cause of accidents in Portugal is the lack of civility of light and heavy drivers and the infrastructure. The behavior of other drivers appears as an interesting, stressful and worrying aspect for heavy-duty drivers. In view of this, the search for patience is a constant internal movement of the drivers interviewed. However, “traffic psychology is conceptualized as the study of the psychosocial processes/phenomena underlying the behavior of the actors involved in the use of roads, with the aim of contributing to sustainable mobility, safety and quality of life of participants in the traffic system” (OPP, 2022, p.4). However, about the situation of road workers we highlight that of drivers, they do not work in a fixed location, their working day is carried out in the agitations of traffic, having no decision-making power over who circulates on Portuguese roads. In this sense, in the interviewees' discourse they verbalize that one of the various causes of road accidents is directly related to the driver's psychological/animal state. In this way, perception is the gateway to the world in consciousness. However, it is from it that the subject has revealed to himself the facts and phenomena. In short, from the research carried out it is possible to realize that the main difficulty that arises from the lack of civility and disrespect for traffic rules translates into the lack of recognition of drivers about their attitudes as risk factors. They point out that often the factors of accidents also encompass the psychological factor, people function in traffic according to their day and context.
The present study aims to study the subjective perception of road drivers of light and heavy vehicles residing in Portugal. An exploratory study. Thus, the main objective of this research was to understand how drivers evaluate their behavior and emotions in driving themselves and others in the context of Portuguese roads. Thus, we investigated road accidents and prevention, professional skills, the role of psychology and professionals in this area in promoting education for a more normative driving and citizenship awareness, psychological assessment, the driving task, conscious or unconscious strategies of "Coping", "Coaching" and "Occupational Stress", to defensively circumvent psychological and emotional factors and repercussions at the social level. In view of this, “measures to build healthy workplaces imply the involvement of psychologists who, in addition to their role in occupational health, play a structural and strategic role in organizations” (OPP, 2023). This is bibliographic research having been used as a data collection technique for semi-structured interviews, thus, eight interviews were conducted with different drivers. Through the analysis of the interviewees' speeches, the research methodology underlying the study is qualitative. The population of the study consisted of drivers of the company DS SMITH, located in Portugal, Porto, in the period from February 2023 to June 2023. However, in relation to the results, the overwhelming majority of Portuguese people understand that the main cause of accidents in Portugal is the lack of civility of light and heavy drivers and the infrastructure. The behavior of other drivers appears as an interesting, stressful and worrying aspect for heavy-duty drivers. In view of this, the search for patience is a constant internal movement of the drivers interviewed. However, “traffic psychology is conceptualized as the study of the psychosocial processes/phenomena underlying the behavior of the actors involved in the use of roads, with the aim of contributing to sustainable mobility, safety and quality of life of participants in the traffic system” (OPP, 2022, p.4). However, about the situation of road workers we highlight that of drivers, they do not work in a fixed location, their working day is carried out in the agitations of traffic, having no decision-making power over who circulates on Portuguese roads. In this sense, in the interviewees' discourse they verbalize that one of the various causes of road accidents is directly related to the driver's psychological/animal state. In this way, perception is the gateway to the world in consciousness. However, it is from it that the subject has revealed to himself the facts and phenomena. In short, from the research carried out it is possible to realize that the main difficulty that arises from the lack of civility and disrespect for traffic rules translates into the lack of recognition of drivers about their attitudes as risk factors. They point out that often the factors of accidents also encompass the psychological factor, people function in traffic according to their day and context.
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Keywords
Vivência subjetiva Trânsito rodoviário Estradas portuguesas Reações emocionais e psicológicas Atitudes de coping consciente e inconsciente Subjective experience Road traffic Portuguese roads Emotional and psychological reactions Conscious and unconscious coping attitudes