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Razões da tomada de decisão dos encarregados de educação das crianças em idade escolar na composição das lancheiras
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Abstract(s)
Atualmente, as indústrias investem pesadamente divulgando alimentos os quais tendem a ser ricos em gorduras, açúcar e sal, bem como pobre em nutrientes. Dadas as crescentes taxas globais de obesidade e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, muitos especialistas têm sugerido que a propaganda e a publicidade de tais alimentos contribuem para um ambiente “obesogênico” que torna as escolhas saudáveis mais difíceis, especialmente para crianças (Ribeiro e Ferreira, 2010).
O público infantil é o mais vulnerável aos apelos promocionais de propaganda e publicidade que envolve a promoção de diversos alimentos, como biscoitos, refrigerantes, fast-food e alimentos semiprontos industrializados. Os media cumprem um importante papel na evolução dessa problemática, no que se refere às propagandas apresentadas na televisão, internet, jornais e revistas, contribuindo e estimulando o consumo de alimentos sem valor nutricional. Além disso, utiliza-se de estratégias de marketing para captarem as crianças, importantes influenciadoras nas compras dos pais.
A idade escolar é uma etapa muto importante no desenvolvimento da criança, pelo que é essencial que não ocorram desequilíbrios nutricionais (DGS, 2007). Os hábitos, preferências e aversões são estabelecidos nos primeiros anos e prosseguem até à fase adulta, sendo que as principais influências na ingestão alimentar incluem o ambiente familiar, tendências sociais, os media, a pressão dos colegas e a presença de doença (Lucas e Freucht, 2010).
Sendo assim, cabe aos profissionais de saúde contrariar esta tendência e tentar, desde cedo, incutir nas crianças o que é uma alimentação saudável e as consequências de terem uma má alimentação, para que no futuro sejam adultos saudáveis.
O presente estudo pretendeu avaliar as razões da tomada de decisão dos encarregados de educação das crianças em idade escolar na altura de compor a lancheira.
Para o efeito, foi elaborado um questionário, tendo sido aplicado aos encarregados de educação das crianças, de forma a perceber quais são os alimentos que eles colocam mais frequentemente nas lancheiras das crianças e o que influencia essas escolhas.
No estudo participaram 81 encarregados de educação de crianças com idades compreendidas entre os seis e os dez anos, educandas da Escola Básica do 1º Ciclo da Boavista, incluída no Agrupamento de Escolas Infanta D. Mafalda em Rio Tinto, no ano letivo 2017/2018.
A análise dos dados demonstrou que os alimentos colocados com mais frequência nas lancheiras das crianças são o pão com queijo, fiambre ou manteiga (19,5%), a fruta (18,3%) e os iogurtes de fruta (12%) e, surpreendentemente, os alimentos mais calóricos não são os que apresentam maiores percentagens. Em relação ao que influencia mais os encarregados de educação na altura de compor a lancheira, o estudo demonstrou que a maior influencia são as crianças, sendo que 45,8% responderam que levam mais em conta o que a criança pede. Em relação à influência dos media, apenas 1,7% é influenciado pela televisão, 1,7% pelas revistas e 1,7% pelos jornais.
Currently, industries invest heavily in spreading foods which tend to be high in fats, sugar and salt, as well as poor in nutrients. Given the rising global rates of obesity and chronic non-transmissible diseases, many experts have suggested that the advertising and publicity of such foods contribute to an "obesogenic" environment that makes healthy choices more difficult, especially for children (Ribeiro e Ferreira, 2010). Children are the most vulnerable to promotional and advertising appeals involving the promotion of various foods such as biscuits, soft drinks, fast food and industrialized semi-prepared foods. The media has been playing an important role in the evolution of this problem, with regard to advertisements presented on television, internet, newspapers and magazines, contributing and stimulating the consumption of foods with no nutritional value. In addition, marketing strategies are used to attract children, who are importante influencers in their parents' purchases. School age is a very important stage in the child's development, so it is essential that there are no nutritional imbalances (DGS, 2007). Habits, preferences, and aversions are established in the early years and continue into adulthood, and the main influences on food intake include family environment, social trends, media, peer pressure, and disease (Lucas and Freucht , 2010). Therefore, it is up to health professionals to counteract this tendency and try, from an early age, to instill in children what is a healthy diet and the consequences of having a poor diet, so that in the future they are healthy adults. The present study aimed to evaluate the reasons for the decision-making of caregivers of children in school age at the time of making up the lunchbox. To this end, a questionnaire has been developed and applied to the caregivers of children in order to Razões da Tomada de Decisão dos Encarregados de Educação das Crianças em Idade Escolar na Composição das Lancheiras understand what foods they place most frequently in children's lunch boxes and what influences these choices. In the study, participated 81 caregivers of children with ages between six and ten years old, educated at Boavista Elementary School, included in the Infanta D. Mafalda School Group in Rio Tinto, in the 2017/2018 school year. Data analysis has shown that the most frequent foods in children's lunch boxes are bread with butter, cheese or ham, fruit and fruit yogurts and, surprisingly, the most caloric foods are not the ones with the highest percentages of response. In relation to what influences most the caregivers in the moment of making the lunchbox, the study showed that the biggest influence are the children, being that 45.8% answered that take more into account what the child asks for. In relation to the influence of the media, only 1.7% is influenced by television, 1.7% by magazines and 1.7% by newspapers.
Currently, industries invest heavily in spreading foods which tend to be high in fats, sugar and salt, as well as poor in nutrients. Given the rising global rates of obesity and chronic non-transmissible diseases, many experts have suggested that the advertising and publicity of such foods contribute to an "obesogenic" environment that makes healthy choices more difficult, especially for children (Ribeiro e Ferreira, 2010). Children are the most vulnerable to promotional and advertising appeals involving the promotion of various foods such as biscuits, soft drinks, fast food and industrialized semi-prepared foods. The media has been playing an important role in the evolution of this problem, with regard to advertisements presented on television, internet, newspapers and magazines, contributing and stimulating the consumption of foods with no nutritional value. In addition, marketing strategies are used to attract children, who are importante influencers in their parents' purchases. School age is a very important stage in the child's development, so it is essential that there are no nutritional imbalances (DGS, 2007). Habits, preferences, and aversions are established in the early years and continue into adulthood, and the main influences on food intake include family environment, social trends, media, peer pressure, and disease (Lucas and Freucht , 2010). Therefore, it is up to health professionals to counteract this tendency and try, from an early age, to instill in children what is a healthy diet and the consequences of having a poor diet, so that in the future they are healthy adults. The present study aimed to evaluate the reasons for the decision-making of caregivers of children in school age at the time of making up the lunchbox. To this end, a questionnaire has been developed and applied to the caregivers of children in order to Razões da Tomada de Decisão dos Encarregados de Educação das Crianças em Idade Escolar na Composição das Lancheiras understand what foods they place most frequently in children's lunch boxes and what influences these choices. In the study, participated 81 caregivers of children with ages between six and ten years old, educated at Boavista Elementary School, included in the Infanta D. Mafalda School Group in Rio Tinto, in the 2017/2018 school year. Data analysis has shown that the most frequent foods in children's lunch boxes are bread with butter, cheese or ham, fruit and fruit yogurts and, surprisingly, the most caloric foods are not the ones with the highest percentages of response. In relation to what influences most the caregivers in the moment of making the lunchbox, the study showed that the biggest influence are the children, being that 45.8% answered that take more into account what the child asks for. In relation to the influence of the media, only 1.7% is influenced by television, 1.7% by magazines and 1.7% by newspapers.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Enfermagem
Keywords
Crianças em idade escolar Lancheiras Children in school age Lunchbox