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Publication
A indĂșstria farmacĂȘutica e o desafio de reduzir impactes ambientais
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_27766 | 1.01 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Fruto do avanço da medicina e da produção em massa de fĂĄrmacos para dar resposta a uma população cada vez mais envelhecida e com uma maior esperança de vida, e tambĂ©m para alĂ©m do uso de outros fĂĄrmacos por parte dos veterinĂĄrios no tratamento de enfermidades de origem animal, tem-se registado um aumento considerĂĄvel de resĂduos a que urge dar uma resposta cabal e que promova ainda a saĂșde ambiental tanto em termos dos solos como do sistema aquĂĄtico, fundamental para a saĂșde do homem e de outras espĂ©cies e nem sempre considerada pela indĂșstria farmacĂȘutica (IF). Se hĂĄ jĂĄ uma clara preocupação ambiental que culmina com o surgimento de novas estratĂ©gias e modelos de ação, designadamente com o tratamento das ĂĄguas residuais e com as açÔes fiscalizadoras por parte das entidades competentes, na prevenção da contaminação dos solos, como o tratamento das ĂĄguas nas EstaçÔes de Tratamento de Aguas Residuais (ETARâs), esta Ă© ainda insuficiente porquanto se tem concentrado maioritariamente sobre o destino das embalagens e sobras de medicação e menos com a contaminação jĂĄ existente. Considerando que a existĂȘncia de resĂduos farmacĂȘuticos (RF) que entram nos solos e na ĂĄgua por via humana e industrial promovem a sua contaminação, seria de esperar que, a este respeito, existisse um maior nĂșmero de estudos a nĂvel nacional indicadores dos potenciais riscos para a saĂșde pĂșblica e, paralelamente, propostas de intervenção mais incisivas para colmatar potenciais falhas na sua eliminação e prevenir o agravamento da degradação dos vĂĄrios ecossistemas. Assim, com o presente estudo, pretende-se fazer a revisĂŁo da literatura cientĂfica no concernente ao modo como os RF entram no ambiente, analisando os seus impactes nos diferentes ecossistemas e apontando possĂveis formas de gestĂŁo e tratamento dos mesmos, destacando-se ainda o papel da VALORMED para a promoção de comportamentos saudĂĄveis junto das populaçÔes de modo a perceber-se se as iniciativas em vigĂȘncia dĂŁo resposta atempada e a longo prazo para um problema que se verifica Ă escala mundial. Abordaram-se ainda os resĂduos industriais (RI) e apresentaram-se sugestĂ”es para minimizar o seu impacte, designadamente atravĂ©s da sua reutilização A realização deste trabalho nĂŁo sĂł corroborou a ideia de que hĂĄ, de facto, questĂ”es ambientais prementes no respeitante ao tratamento dos RF que devem ser contempladas nĂŁo sĂł pela IF como pelos ĂłrgĂŁos governamentais, designadamente a nĂvel da quantidade de consumo de fĂĄrmacos quer por humanos quer por animais e do destino dos mesmos apĂłs a sua toma, como ainda permitiu concluir que a existĂȘncia destes resĂduos sĂł serĂĄ passĂvel de diminuir caso a sociedade no seu todo contribua positivamente para a sua sustentabilidade, dando especial enfoque ao papel da IF, o veĂculo mais direto de atuação, por excelĂȘncia.
As a result of the advancement of medicine and mass production of drugs to respond to an aging population with a longer life expectancy, taking also into account other uses by veterinarians in the treatment of animal diseases, there has been a considerable increase in waste, which needs a full response and is also able to promote environmental health both in terms of soils and also aquatic systems, fundamental to manâs and other species health and not always considered by the Pharmaceutical Industry (PI). If there is already a clear environmental concern that culminates with the emergence of new strategies and models of action, namely with the water treatment and inspection actions by the competent authorities, in the prevention of soil contamination, this is still insufficient because it concentrates mostly on the destination of packaging and leftover medication and less in the contamination already existing. Whereas the presence of pharmaceutical wastes entering the soil and water by human and industrial routes promotes their contamination, it would be expected that there would be a greater number of studies indicating the potential risks to public health in this regard and, simultaneously, more incisive intervention proposals to fill existing flaws on the process of their elimination and prevent further degradation of ecosystems. Thus, the present study intends to review the scientific literature regarding the ways in which pharmaceutical waste enters the environment, analysing its impacts on the different ecosystems and pointing out possible ways of managing and treating them, highlighting VALORMED's role in promoting healthy behaviours among the populations in order to understand whether current initiatives provide a timely and long-term response to a global problem. Industrial waste was also addressed and suggestions were made to minimize its impact, in particular through its reuse. This essay not only corroborated the idea that there are, in fact, increasing environmental issues with regard to the treatment of pharmaceutical waste that should be considered not only by the Pharmaceutical Industry but also by governmental bodies, in particular those relating to the amount, way of treatment and intended use of pharmaceutical waste, as well as it was fundamental to understand that the existence of these wastes will only be able to diminish if the society as a whole contributes positively to its sustainability, with a special focus on the role of the PI, the most direct vehicle of action.
As a result of the advancement of medicine and mass production of drugs to respond to an aging population with a longer life expectancy, taking also into account other uses by veterinarians in the treatment of animal diseases, there has been a considerable increase in waste, which needs a full response and is also able to promote environmental health both in terms of soils and also aquatic systems, fundamental to manâs and other species health and not always considered by the Pharmaceutical Industry (PI). If there is already a clear environmental concern that culminates with the emergence of new strategies and models of action, namely with the water treatment and inspection actions by the competent authorities, in the prevention of soil contamination, this is still insufficient because it concentrates mostly on the destination of packaging and leftover medication and less in the contamination already existing. Whereas the presence of pharmaceutical wastes entering the soil and water by human and industrial routes promotes their contamination, it would be expected that there would be a greater number of studies indicating the potential risks to public health in this regard and, simultaneously, more incisive intervention proposals to fill existing flaws on the process of their elimination and prevent further degradation of ecosystems. Thus, the present study intends to review the scientific literature regarding the ways in which pharmaceutical waste enters the environment, analysing its impacts on the different ecosystems and pointing out possible ways of managing and treating them, highlighting VALORMED's role in promoting healthy behaviours among the populations in order to understand whether current initiatives provide a timely and long-term response to a global problem. Industrial waste was also addressed and suggestions were made to minimize its impact, in particular through its reuse. This essay not only corroborated the idea that there are, in fact, increasing environmental issues with regard to the treatment of pharmaceutical waste that should be considered not only by the Pharmaceutical Industry but also by governmental bodies, in particular those relating to the amount, way of treatment and intended use of pharmaceutical waste, as well as it was fundamental to understand that the existence of these wastes will only be able to diminish if the society as a whole contributes positively to its sustainability, with a special focus on the role of the PI, the most direct vehicle of action.