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Gestão de risco de segurança em crises humanitárias: os desafios das organizações não-governamentais locais em Cabo Delgado - Moçambique
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dissertação de mestrado_2022125730 | 1.05 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
As crises humanitárias contemporâneas caracterizam-se por uma crescente complexidade, duração prolongada e sobreposição de fatores de risco, como conflitos armados persistentes, deslocamentos forçados, fragilidade institucional e eventos climáticos extremos. Estes contextos colocam sérios desafios à eficácia das intervenções e à segurança dos profissionais humanitários, exigindo abordagens cada vez mais sistemáticas e adaptadas de gestão de risco de segurança (GRS). Embora o tema da segurança tenha ganho visibilidade nas agendas de agências internacionais, persiste um vazio analítico no que diz respeito às capacidades e práticas das organizações não governamentais (ONGs), em particular das organizações não governamentais locais (ONGs locais), sobretudo em contextos de elevada insegurança.
A província de Cabo Delgado, em Moçambique, oferece um caso paradigmático: desde 2017, é palco de uma insurgência armada e de uma das mais graves crises humanitárias da África Austral, agravada por choques climáticos recorrentes e por um subfinanciamento crónico. As ONGs locais, apesar de desempenharem um papel central no acesso às comunidades afetadas, operam frequentemente em condições de elevada exposição ao risco e com recursos institucionais limitados. A presente investigação propõe-se, assim, a examinar criticamente os principais desafios enfrentados por estas organizações na implementação de estratégias de GRS, com particular ênfase no contexto de Cabo Delgado.
O presente trabalho assenta numa abordagem qualitativa e interpretativa, sustentada na revisão crítica da literatura, na análise documental e na reflexão prática decorrente da experiência profissional da autora enquanto gestora de formação em segurança humanitária em Moçambique. Com mais de uma década de vivência no país e, nos últimos dois anos, a liderar iniciativas formativas dirigidas a mais de uma centena de ONGs locais e internacionais, a investigadora aporta uma perspetiva aplicada e profundamente enraizada nas dinâmicas do setor. O estudo procura contribuir para o reforço da capacidade de proteção, da resiliência organizacional e da legitimidade das ONGs locais, promovendo o desenvolvimento de currículos formativos mais contextualizados e a adoção de estratégias de segurança mais equitativas, sustentáveis e sensíveis às realidades do terreno no espaço humanitário.
Contemporary humanitarian crises are marked by increasing complexity, protracted duration, and the overlap of multiple risk factors, such as protracted armed conflict, forced displacement, institutional fragility, and extreme climate events. These contexts pose serious challenges to the effectiveness of humanitarian interventions and the safety of aid workers, requiring increasingly systematic and context-specific approaches to security risk management (SRM). While the issue of security has gained prominence on the agendas of international agencies, an analytical gap remains regarding the capacities and practices of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), particularly local NGOs, especially in high-risk settings. The province of Cabo Delgado in Mozambique offers a paradigmatic case: since 2017, it has been the site of an armed insurgency and one of the most severe humanitarian crises in Southern Africa, compounded by recurrent climate shocks and chronic underfunding. Local NGOs, despite playing a central role in accessing affected communities, often operate under conditions of high exposure to risk and with limited institutional resources. This research aims to critically examine the main challenges faced by these organizations in implementing SRM strategies, with a particular focus on the context of Cabo Delgado. The study adopts a qualitative and interpretive approach, grounded in a critical review of the literature, document analysis, and practical reflection drawn from the author’s professional experience as a security training manager in the humanitarian sector in Mozambique. With over a decade of experience in the country and, in the past two years, having led training initiatives for more than a hundred local and international NGOs, the researcher brings an applied and deeply grounded perspective on sectoral dynamics. This study seeks to contribute to strengthening local NGOs’ protection capacity, organizational resilience, and legitimacy by promoting the development of more contextualized training curricula and the adoption of security strategies that are more equitable, sustainable, and sensitive to field realities in the humanitarian space.
Contemporary humanitarian crises are marked by increasing complexity, protracted duration, and the overlap of multiple risk factors, such as protracted armed conflict, forced displacement, institutional fragility, and extreme climate events. These contexts pose serious challenges to the effectiveness of humanitarian interventions and the safety of aid workers, requiring increasingly systematic and context-specific approaches to security risk management (SRM). While the issue of security has gained prominence on the agendas of international agencies, an analytical gap remains regarding the capacities and practices of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), particularly local NGOs, especially in high-risk settings. The province of Cabo Delgado in Mozambique offers a paradigmatic case: since 2017, it has been the site of an armed insurgency and one of the most severe humanitarian crises in Southern Africa, compounded by recurrent climate shocks and chronic underfunding. Local NGOs, despite playing a central role in accessing affected communities, often operate under conditions of high exposure to risk and with limited institutional resources. This research aims to critically examine the main challenges faced by these organizations in implementing SRM strategies, with a particular focus on the context of Cabo Delgado. The study adopts a qualitative and interpretive approach, grounded in a critical review of the literature, document analysis, and practical reflection drawn from the author’s professional experience as a security training manager in the humanitarian sector in Mozambique. With over a decade of experience in the country and, in the past two years, having led training initiatives for more than a hundred local and international NGOs, the researcher brings an applied and deeply grounded perspective on sectoral dynamics. This study seeks to contribute to strengthening local NGOs’ protection capacity, organizational resilience, and legitimacy by promoting the development of more contextualized training curricula and the adoption of security strategies that are more equitable, sustainable, and sensitive to field realities in the humanitarian space.
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Keywords
Ação humanitária Gestão de risco de segurança Localização Cabo Delgado Moçambique Segurança humanitária Humanitarian action Security risk management Localization Mozambique Humanitarian security