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Toxicity of antiretrovirals on the sea Urchin Echinometra lucunter and its predicted environmental concentration in seawater from Santos Bay (Brazilian coastal zone)

2021-11-09Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorCid, Renato Sakai
dc.contributor.authorRoveri, Vinicius
dc.contributor.authorVidal, Diogo Guedes
dc.contributor.authorDinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta
dc.contributor.authorCortez, F.S
dc.contributor.authorSalgueiro, Flávia Rigos
dc.contributor.authorToma, Walber
dc.contributor.authorCesar, Augusto
dc.contributor.authorGuimarães, Luciana Lopes
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-09T16:38:05Z
dc.date.available2021-11-09T16:38:05Z
dc.date.issued2021-11-09
dc.description.abstractAntiretrovirals (ARVs) have been detected in aquatic ecosystems throughout the world; however, studies focused on assessing their ecotoxicological effects on marine aquatic organisms are still rare. In the present study, the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of 13 ARVs was estimated for surface seawater from Santos Bay, Brazil, according to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) guidelines. The results indicated that all ARVs need to be assessed for their ecological effects, considering that they all exceeded the EMEA guideline limits (PEC > 0.01 µg L−1). In this sense, three ARVs (namely atazanavir, nevirapine and efavirenz) were selected for the acute and chronic tests with sea urchin (Echinometra lucunter). Furthermore, the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for these three ARVs was also performed by calculating the risk quotient. The acute and chronic toxicity results showed inhibitory concentrations (IC) for the fertilization (IC50; 1 h; range: 11.46–84.61 mg L−1) and for the embryo–larval development (IC50; 42 h; range: 0.52–0.97 mg L−1) of the sea urchin, respectively. Moreover, the ERA showed that these three ARVs are potentially hazardous for aquatic life in Santos Bay, raising concerns about the continuous introduction of ARVs in aquatic ecosystems. The data presented may contribute to the provision of subsidies for the development of monitoring public policies that aim to reduce the introduction of ARVs into the aquatic environment.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationCid, R.S.; Roveri, V.; Vidal, D.G.; Dinis, M.A.P.; Cortez, F.S.; Salgueiro, F.R.; Toma, W.; Cesar, A.; Guimarães, L.L. Toxicity of Antiretrovirals on the Sea Urchin Echinometra lucunter and Its Predicted Environmental Concentration in Seawater from Santos Bay (Brazilian Coastal Zone). Resources 2021, 10, 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10110114pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/resources10110114pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn2079-9276
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10284/10415
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/10/11/114pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectSubtropical coastal zonept_PT
dc.subjectWaste treatmentpt_PT
dc.subjectOcean dumpingpt_PT
dc.subjectAntiretroviralspt_PT
dc.subjectPredicted environmental concentrationpt_PT
dc.subjectEcotoxicologypt_PT
dc.subjectRisk assessmentpt_PT
dc.subjectPollution effectspt_PT
dc.titleToxicity of antiretrovirals on the sea Urchin Echinometra lucunter and its predicted environmental concentration in seawater from Santos Bay (Brazilian coastal zone)pt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.conferencePlaceBaselpt_PT
oaire.citation.issue11pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage114pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleResourcespt_PT
oaire.citation.volume10pt_PT
person.familyNameRoveri
person.familyNameGuedes Vidal
person.familyNameDinis
person.familyNameSanzi Cortez
person.familyNameToma
person.familyNameLopes Guimarães
person.givenNameVinicius
person.givenNameDiogo
person.givenNameMaria Alzira Pimenta
person.givenNameFernando
person.givenNameWalber
person.givenNameLuciana
person.identifierU-1156-2017
person.identifier493603
person.identifier123954
person.identifier.ciencia-id4E1F-D73B-52B3
person.identifier.ciencia-idC918-3B10-A36E
person.identifier.ciencia-id4710-147D-FDAF
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2777-2372
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9151-6878
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5265-7739
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7230-9571
person.identifier.ridF-3309-2011
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57205490753
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55539804000
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56448240900
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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