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Publication
Ocorrência e penalização dos crimes ambientais e sua efetividade para a proteção do ambiente no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DM_Ricardo Lima | 2.33 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A tutela do ambiente como bem jurídico é responsabilidade do Estado, que pode
se valer das vias administrativa, civil e penal para a sua proteção. Considerando a
ineficácia das esferas administrativa e civil, é mister a aplicação do Direito Penal para a
efetividade da proteção ambiental. Assim, buscou-se estabelecer se o tratamento penal
dado aos crimes ambientais refletem uma efetiva proteção do ambiente. Para tanto,
partiu-se das infrações ambientais apuradas pelo IBAMA e verificou-se quais delas
foram processadas criminalmente, bem como quais penas foram sentenciadas,
consultando-se as Ações Penais abertas pela Justiça Federal e pelo Tribunal de Justiça.
Os resultados demonstraram que dos 1.108 crimes ambientais verificados pelo IBAMA
em Santa Catarina, num período de cinco anos, apenas 14,1% resultaram em Ações
Penais, sendo que quase a metade delas (47,4%) ainda não possui uma sentença
prolatada em primeiro grau, bem como o número de ocorrências não caiu ao longo do
período. Das Ações Penais já sentenciadas, a grande maioria recebeu uma medida
despenalizadora ou teve a pena privativa de liberdade substituída pela restrição de
direitos, não havendo nenhum caso de prisão. Os resultados sugerem que a legislação
ambiental brasileira, ainda que considerada avançada, é pouco aplicada e não se traduz
em efetiva proteção ambiental, tanto pela baixa frequência de processamento dos crimes
quanto pelo nível das sanções aplicadas, tampouco contribui para desincentivar a prática
de ilícitos ambientais. Essa inefetividade de proteção pode ter origem na falta de
especialização dos operadores do Direito, que não possuem o adequado conhecimento
para lidar com a complexidade técnica e multidisciplinar dos crimes ambientais, e da
necessidade de produção de danos ambientais para a manutenção de um sistema
socioeconômico baseado na obtenção de lucro e no acúmulo de capital.
The protection of the environment as a legal asset is the responsibility of the State, which can use administrative, civil and criminal means for that purpose. Considering the inefficiency of the administrative and civil instances, it is necessary to apply the Criminal Law aiming the effectiveness of environmental protection. To that end, this work aimed to establish if the criminal treatment of green crimes reflect its effective protection. Therefore, considering the environmental infractions established by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and of Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) in the State of Santa Catarina, it was possible to verify the ones criminally prosecuted, as well as the sentenced ones, consulting the Criminal Processes opened by the Federal Court and the Court of Justice. The results demonstrated that of the 1.108 environmental crimes verified by IBAMA, in a period of five years, only 14.1% resulted in Criminal Processes in the judicial system, and almost half of them (47.4%) still do not have a pronounced sentence in first degree, as well as the number of occurrences did not fall during that period. Of the already sentenced Criminal Processes, the vast majority received a decriminalizing measure or deprivation of liberty replaced by the restriction of rights, with no cases of imprisonment. The results suggest that the Brazilian environmental legislation, although considered advanced, is poorly applied and does not translate into effective environmental protection, either due to the low frequency of processing crimes or to the level of sanctions applied, nor does it contribute to discouraging the practice of illicit environmental activities. This ineffectiveness of protection could stem from the lack of specialization of legal operators, who do not have adequate knowledge to deal with the technical and multidisciplinary complexity of environmental crimes, and, more thoroughly, the necessity of creating environmental damages in order to maintain a socioeconomic system based on profit and capital accumulation.
The protection of the environment as a legal asset is the responsibility of the State, which can use administrative, civil and criminal means for that purpose. Considering the inefficiency of the administrative and civil instances, it is necessary to apply the Criminal Law aiming the effectiveness of environmental protection. To that end, this work aimed to establish if the criminal treatment of green crimes reflect its effective protection. Therefore, considering the environmental infractions established by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and of Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) in the State of Santa Catarina, it was possible to verify the ones criminally prosecuted, as well as the sentenced ones, consulting the Criminal Processes opened by the Federal Court and the Court of Justice. The results demonstrated that of the 1.108 environmental crimes verified by IBAMA, in a period of five years, only 14.1% resulted in Criminal Processes in the judicial system, and almost half of them (47.4%) still do not have a pronounced sentence in first degree, as well as the number of occurrences did not fall during that period. Of the already sentenced Criminal Processes, the vast majority received a decriminalizing measure or deprivation of liberty replaced by the restriction of rights, with no cases of imprisonment. The results suggest that the Brazilian environmental legislation, although considered advanced, is poorly applied and does not translate into effective environmental protection, either due to the low frequency of processing crimes or to the level of sanctions applied, nor does it contribute to discouraging the practice of illicit environmental activities. This ineffectiveness of protection could stem from the lack of specialization of legal operators, who do not have adequate knowledge to deal with the technical and multidisciplinary complexity of environmental crimes, and, more thoroughly, the necessity of creating environmental damages in order to maintain a socioeconomic system based on profit and capital accumulation.
Description
Keywords
Crime ambiental Direito penal Tutela do ambiente Criminologia Direito ambiental Green crime Criminal law Environmental protection Criminology Environmental law