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Análise bioquímica do fluido salivar em pacientes com periodontite: revisão narrativa
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Abstract(s)
A periodontite é uma doença multifatorial associada à acumulação do biofilme. É uma infeção de origem microbiana mediada por alterações imunorreguladoras do hospedeiro, cuja resposta está ligada à destruição progressiva do tecido periodontal. As ferramentas atuais de diagnóstico da doença incluem exames por imagem e exames clínicos efetivos à deteção dos danos e lesões teciduais, porém ineficazes na determinação da suscetibilidade e da atividade da doença. Neste sentido, os estudos sobre os marcadores bioquímicos salivares surgem como resultado de esforços destinados a encontrar métodos confiáveis ao diagnóstico precoce das doenças periodontais. Assim sendo, o objetivo desta revisão de literatura foi avaliar as alterações bioquímicas do fluido salivar em pacientes com periodontite, assim como identificar as tendências metodológicas do uso de biomarcadores salivares em pacientes com doença periodontal. Desta forma, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados PubMed e B-ON, onde foram selecionados 32 artigos baseados na sua relevância para a realização deste trabalho. Da análise dos artigos, verificou-se que alguns autores detetaram alterações nas concentrações de proteínas, enzimas salivares, enzimas proteolíticas, citocinas pró-inflamatórias e quimiotáticas, miARNs, produtos de stress oxidativo e recetores de patogénicos. Esses resultados convergiram para uma variabilidade de componentes salivares válidos no diagnóstico da periodontite, mas também úteis na avaliação dos efeitos dos tratamentos periodontais não cirúrgicos, no acompanhamento da progressão da doença, além de promissores na avaliação de suscetibilidade à doença periodontal.
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease associated with the accumulation of biofilm. It is an infection of microbial origin mediated by immunoregulatory mechanisms in the host whose response is linked to the progressive destruction of periodontal tissue. Current methods for diagnosing the disease include imaging exam sand clinical tests that are effective in detecting injury and tissue damage but are ineffective in determining the susceptibility and activity of the disease. Therefore, studies on salivary biomarkers appear as a result of efforts to find a reliable method for the early diagnosis of periodontal diseases. Thus, the objective of this literature review was to evaluate the biochemical changes in the salivary flow in patients with periodontitis, as well as to identify methodological trends in the use of salivary biomarkers in patients with periodontal disease. A literature review was conducted in the PubMed and BON databases, in which 32 articles were selected based on their relevance to this work. From the analysis of the articles, it was found that some authors detected changes in the concentrations of proteins, salivary enzymes, proteolytic enzymes, pro-inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines, miARNs, oxidative stress products and pathogen recognition receptors. The results converged to a variability of salivary components valid for the diagnosis of periodontitis, but also useful in the evaluation of the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatments, in monitoring the progression of the disease, besides being promising in the evaluation of susceptibility to periodontal disease.
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease associated with the accumulation of biofilm. It is an infection of microbial origin mediated by immunoregulatory mechanisms in the host whose response is linked to the progressive destruction of periodontal tissue. Current methods for diagnosing the disease include imaging exam sand clinical tests that are effective in detecting injury and tissue damage but are ineffective in determining the susceptibility and activity of the disease. Therefore, studies on salivary biomarkers appear as a result of efforts to find a reliable method for the early diagnosis of periodontal diseases. Thus, the objective of this literature review was to evaluate the biochemical changes in the salivary flow in patients with periodontitis, as well as to identify methodological trends in the use of salivary biomarkers in patients with periodontal disease. A literature review was conducted in the PubMed and BON databases, in which 32 articles were selected based on their relevance to this work. From the analysis of the articles, it was found that some authors detected changes in the concentrations of proteins, salivary enzymes, proteolytic enzymes, pro-inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines, miARNs, oxidative stress products and pathogen recognition receptors. The results converged to a variability of salivary components valid for the diagnosis of periodontitis, but also useful in the evaluation of the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatments, in monitoring the progression of the disease, besides being promising in the evaluation of susceptibility to periodontal disease.
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Keywords
Periodontite Marcadores bioquímicos Fluido salivar Periodontitis Salivary biomarkers Salivary flow