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Publication
A arquitectura do Estado Novo no Porto e o movimento moderno
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17062 | 169.83 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente tese de mestrado tem como objecto de estudo o património edificado sob a vigência do Estado Novo na cidade do Porto. Estes equipamentos constituem uma presença marcante no universo da arquitectura do século passado. Da quantidade e qualidade do investimento feito e tutelado pelo Ministério das Obras Públicas e também de diversos projectos privados, resultou um conjunto de obras que justifica uma análise historiográfica, contextualizada no âmbito quer da campanha de obras públicas, promovida pelo regime, quer da arquitectura vulgarmente designada por “Português Suave”.
Partindo de um retrato global da evolução da arquitectura portuguesa desde as primeiras influências da Arquitectura Moderna, passando por uma reflexão sobre a realidade social, sustenta-se este trabalho em quatro pontos.
Primeiro, sintetiza-se o enquadramento histórico a nível nacional. Aborda-se a transformação social e económica desde o início do Séc. XX e o papel dos Arquitectos no decurso do Estado Novo.
Em segundo, desenvolve-se a contextualização do Poder e as influências do regime político que usa a arquitectura como meio de propaganda, para enaltecer os valores da nacionalidade, muito à semelhança de outros regimes europeus da época. Apresentam-se caracterizações formais e tipológicas dessa expressão artística desenvolvida, bem como os seus principais autores.
Em terceiro, aborda-se o impacto oposicionista do Movimento Moderno, com especial enfoque no Congresso de 1948, a partir do qual assistimos ao gradual declínio desta arquitectura de Estado.
Por último, são analisadas as correntes estéticas predominantes e adoptadas na cidade do Porto, antes do aparecimento do Estado Novo, os motivos que ditaram a mudança e os significados que lhe foram associados.
Apresenta-se o enquadramento possível da presença e influência da arquitectura do Estado Novo na cidade. Claramente com menos projecção do que na Capital, mas num contexto com algumas particularidades impostas quer pelos aspectos sociais e vivenciais da cidade, quer pela própria morfologia urbana, serem bastante distintas.
A Arquitectura do Estado Novo no Porto e o Movimento Moderno Subjacente, estará sempre presente, tanto um conceito amplo e multifacetado de modernismo que teimou em predominar, como uma visão dinâmica e plural do regime chefiado por Salazar.
This master’s thesis has as it’s object of study the heritage built under the rule of the “Estado Novo” in the city of Oporto. These buildings constitute a remarkable presence in the universe of architecture of the last century. The quantity and quality of the investment made and supervised by the Ministry of Public Building and Works and also of several private projects, resulted in a set of works that justifies a historiographic analysis, contextualized within the scope of both the public works campaign, promoted by the regime, and of architecture commonly called “Smooth Portuguese”. Starting from a global portrait of the evolution of Portuguese architecture since the first influences of Modern Architecture, through a reflection on social reality, this work is sustained in four points. First, it summarizes the historical framework at the national level. Social and economic transformation has been addressed since the beginning of the 20th century and the role of architects in the course of the Estado Novo. Second, the contextualization of Power and the influences of the political regime that uses architecture as a means of propaganda are developed, to enhance the values of nationality, much like other European regimes of the time. Formal and typological characterizations of this developed artistic expression are presented, as well as its main authors. Third, the opposition impact of the Modern Movement is addressed, with a decline focus for the 1948 Congress, from which we witness the gradual decline of this state architecture. A Arquitectura do Estado Novo no Porto e o Movimento Moderno Finally, the predominant aesthetic trends adopted in the city of Porto, before the appearance of the Estado Novo, are analyzed, the reasons that dictated the change and the meanings associated with it. The possible framework of the presence and influence of the architecture of the Estado Novo in the city is presented. Clearly with less projection than in the Capital, but in a context with some particularities imposed either by the social and living aspects of the city, or by the urban morphology itself, they are quite distinct. Underlying it will always be present, both a broad and multifaceted concept of modernism that insisted on dominating, as well as a dynamic and plural vision of the regime headed by Salazar.
This master’s thesis has as it’s object of study the heritage built under the rule of the “Estado Novo” in the city of Oporto. These buildings constitute a remarkable presence in the universe of architecture of the last century. The quantity and quality of the investment made and supervised by the Ministry of Public Building and Works and also of several private projects, resulted in a set of works that justifies a historiographic analysis, contextualized within the scope of both the public works campaign, promoted by the regime, and of architecture commonly called “Smooth Portuguese”. Starting from a global portrait of the evolution of Portuguese architecture since the first influences of Modern Architecture, through a reflection on social reality, this work is sustained in four points. First, it summarizes the historical framework at the national level. Social and economic transformation has been addressed since the beginning of the 20th century and the role of architects in the course of the Estado Novo. Second, the contextualization of Power and the influences of the political regime that uses architecture as a means of propaganda are developed, to enhance the values of nationality, much like other European regimes of the time. Formal and typological characterizations of this developed artistic expression are presented, as well as its main authors. Third, the opposition impact of the Modern Movement is addressed, with a decline focus for the 1948 Congress, from which we witness the gradual decline of this state architecture. A Arquitectura do Estado Novo no Porto e o Movimento Moderno Finally, the predominant aesthetic trends adopted in the city of Porto, before the appearance of the Estado Novo, are analyzed, the reasons that dictated the change and the meanings associated with it. The possible framework of the presence and influence of the architecture of the Estado Novo in the city is presented. Clearly with less projection than in the Capital, but in a context with some particularities imposed either by the social and living aspects of the city, or by the urban morphology itself, they are quite distinct. Underlying it will always be present, both a broad and multifaceted concept of modernism that insisted on dominating, as well as a dynamic and plural vision of the regime headed by Salazar.
Description
Keywords
Estado Novo Arquitectura Português-Suave Movimento moderno Século XX Salazar Propaganda Poder Regime de ditadura Nacionalismo Monumentalidade Austeridade Modernismo Raul Lino Cottinelli Telmo Luís Cristino da Silva Duarte Pacheco Portuguese smooth architecture Modern movement 20th century Dictatorial regime Nationalism Monumentality Austerity Modernism