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Pensamento crítico nos estudantes e profissionais da área da saúde
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O Pensamento Crítico objectiva-se como um domínio fundamental para o ser
humano, em qualquer uma das suas áreas de actuação. Fulcral nos processos de
resolução de problemas e na tomada da decisão, este domínio afigura-se como
elementar na área da Saúde, contribuindo para a eficácia do raciocínio clínico.
Constituindo-se como competência ou conjunto de competências, o investimento
em ferramentas para o desenvolvimento e avaliação do Pensamento Crítico torna-se
pertinente, tanto na área académica como profissional.
O presente estudo propõe-se desenvolver dois instrumentos de avaliação: um
relacionado com a avaliação do grau de importância que os estudantes e os profissionais
de saúde atribuem às competências e actividades relacionadas com o Pensamento
Crítico, e um segundo direcionado para a avaliação de competências de Pensamento
Crítico em estudantes e profissionais da área da Saúde. Relativamente a estes
instrumentos foram analisadas as suas qualidades psicométricas, assim como os
resultados obtidos pelos participantes no estudo.
Foi estudada uma amostra de conveniência, não aleatória, constituída por 219
indivíduos, dos quais 117 são estudantes de cursos superiores na área da saúde, e 102
são profissionais de saúde.
Os resultados sugerem que os instrumentos de avaliação criados apresentam
boas qualidades psicométricas relativamente à Fidelidade e Sensibilidade, e qualidades
psicométricas aceitáveis no estudo da Validade. As respostas dos participantes
permitem ainda estabelecer uma comparação entre o grupo de estudantes e o grupo de
profissionais, verificando-se algumas semelhanças e diferenças entre os grupos, que nos
permitem uma reflexão acerca da importância do desenvolvimento das competências de
Pensamento Crítico nos contextos académico e profissional.
Critical Thinking is a core competency for the human being, in any of its areas of action. Fundamental in processes of problem solving and decision making, this area seems to be elemental in healthcare, contributing to the effectiveness of clinical reasoning. As a skill, or set of skills, the investment in tools for evaluating and developing Critical Thinking becomes relevant, both in academic and professional contexts. This study proposes to develop two assessment instruments: one related to the assessment of the degree of importance that students and health professionals attach to skills and activities related to Critical Thinking, and a second one dedicated to the assessment of Critical Thinking skills in students and professionals in the field of Health. The psychometric qualities of these instruments were analyzed, as well as the results obtained by the participants in the study. A sample of convenience, not random, was studied, consisting of 219 individuals, 117 of which are health students on higher education courses, and 102 are healthcare professionals. The results suggest that the assessment instruments created have good psychometric qualities in relation to Fidelity and Sensitivity, and acceptable psychometric qualities regarding Validity. The participants' responses also allow a comparison between the student group and the group of professionals and there are some similarities and differences between groups, which allow us to reflect on the importance of the development of critical thinking skills in academic and professional contexts.
Critical Thinking is a core competency for the human being, in any of its areas of action. Fundamental in processes of problem solving and decision making, this area seems to be elemental in healthcare, contributing to the effectiveness of clinical reasoning. As a skill, or set of skills, the investment in tools for evaluating and developing Critical Thinking becomes relevant, both in academic and professional contexts. This study proposes to develop two assessment instruments: one related to the assessment of the degree of importance that students and health professionals attach to skills and activities related to Critical Thinking, and a second one dedicated to the assessment of Critical Thinking skills in students and professionals in the field of Health. The psychometric qualities of these instruments were analyzed, as well as the results obtained by the participants in the study. A sample of convenience, not random, was studied, consisting of 219 individuals, 117 of which are health students on higher education courses, and 102 are healthcare professionals. The results suggest that the assessment instruments created have good psychometric qualities in relation to Fidelity and Sensitivity, and acceptable psychometric qualities regarding Validity. The participants' responses also allow a comparison between the student group and the group of professionals and there are some similarities and differences between groups, which allow us to reflect on the importance of the development of critical thinking skills in academic and professional contexts.
Description
Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia, ramo de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde
Keywords
Pensamento Crítico Estudantes da área da Saúde Profissionais de Saúde Critical Thinking Health Student Healthcare Professionals