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Publication
Diabetes
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_33034 | 950.4 KB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A prevalência da diabetes mellitus tem aumentado nos últimos 30 anos. Em Portugal,
prevê-se uma correlação inversa, com uma diminuição da população até 2040 e aumento
do número de pessoas com a doença, com manifestações diversas e diversidade de órgãos
afetados. São exemplos afetações dos olhos, rins, nervos, coração, vasos sanguíneos,
obesidade, colesterol e tensão arterial elevados, que irão contribuir para uma alta
morbidade e mortalidade.
Esta patologia caracteriza-se por uma desordem metabólica de etiologia variada, não
transmissível, que se caracteriza por uma hiperglicemia crónica decorrente de problemas
ao nível do metabolismo dos hidratos de carbono, lípidos e proteínas. Esta doença está
associada com o nível de insulina no sangue, particularmente com o seu défice, quer na
produção, quer na ação.
Existem vários tipos de diabetes mellitus, sendo que a sua classificação se baseia na sua
etiologia. A diabetes mellitus tipo 1, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e a diabetes mellitus
gestacional são as mais comuns. Existem ainda, entre outras, a diabetes latente autoimune
do adulto, a diabetes da maturidade com início no jovem, diabetes insipidus, a diabetes
derivada de doenças no pâncreas e induzida por drogas ou substâncias químicas.
O diagnóstico da doença baseia-se em parâmetros e valores de plasma venoso que diferem
do diagnóstico da hiperglicemia intermédia e da identificação de risco aumentado para a
diabetes, bem como do diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus gestacional.
A terapêutica é fundamental para que a doença esteja controlada, sendo diferenciada para
os diferentes tipos. Exemplos de terapêuticas farmacológicas são: sulfonilureias, glinidas,
tiazolidinedionas (glitazonas), biguanidas, inibidores da α glucosidase, inibidores da
dipeptidil peptidase-4 (gliptinas), análogos do recetor do peptídeo-1 semelhante ao
glucagon, inibidores do co-transportador de sódio-glucose 2 (glifozinas), insulina, novas
insulinas/análogos, agonistas recetores ativados por proliferadores de
peroxissoma/glitazares e agonistas da amilina. A gestão autónoma e individual do tratamento é fundamental, implicando um equilíbrio
entre a alimentação, medicação e exercício físico, e a educação terapêutica como
denominador comum.
A diabetes mellitus tem um impacto social, económico e psicológico, tanto no indivíduo
como na sua família, sendo o apoio familiar uma variável de sucesso do tratamento.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has increased in the last 30 years. In Portugal, an inverse correlation is predicted, with a population decrease by 2040 and an increase in the number of people with the disease, with diverse manifestations and diversity of affected organs. Damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, blood vessels, obesity, cholesterol, and high blood pressure will contribute to high morbidity and mortality. This pathology is characterized by a metabolic disorder of varied, non-transmissible etiology characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism problems. This disease is associated with the level of insulin in the blood, particularly with its deficit, both in production and in action. There are several types of diabetes mellitus, and its classification is based on its etiology. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus are the most common. There are also, among others, the autoimmune latent diabetes of the adult, the diabetes of maturity which starts in the young age, the diabetes insipidus, the diabetes derived from diseases in the pancreas and drug or chemical-induced. The diagnosis of the disease is based on parameters and values of venous plasma that differ from the diagnosis of intermediate hyperglycemia and the identification of increased risk for diabetes, as well as the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Therapy is essential for the disease to be controlled, being differentiated for different types. Examples of pharmacological therapies are: sulfonylureas, glinides, thiazolidinediones (glitazones), biguanides, α glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (gliptins), Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogues, sodiumglucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, insulin, new insulins/analogs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors/glitazars agonists and amylin agonists. The autonomous and individual management of treatment is essential, implying a balance between food, medication and physical exercise, and therapeutic education as a common denominator. Diabetes mellitus has a social, economic and psychological impact on both the individual and his family, and family support is a variable of treatment success.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has increased in the last 30 years. In Portugal, an inverse correlation is predicted, with a population decrease by 2040 and an increase in the number of people with the disease, with diverse manifestations and diversity of affected organs. Damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, blood vessels, obesity, cholesterol, and high blood pressure will contribute to high morbidity and mortality. This pathology is characterized by a metabolic disorder of varied, non-transmissible etiology characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism problems. This disease is associated with the level of insulin in the blood, particularly with its deficit, both in production and in action. There are several types of diabetes mellitus, and its classification is based on its etiology. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus are the most common. There are also, among others, the autoimmune latent diabetes of the adult, the diabetes of maturity which starts in the young age, the diabetes insipidus, the diabetes derived from diseases in the pancreas and drug or chemical-induced. The diagnosis of the disease is based on parameters and values of venous plasma that differ from the diagnosis of intermediate hyperglycemia and the identification of increased risk for diabetes, as well as the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Therapy is essential for the disease to be controlled, being differentiated for different types. Examples of pharmacological therapies are: sulfonylureas, glinides, thiazolidinediones (glitazones), biguanides, α glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (gliptins), Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogues, sodiumglucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, insulin, new insulins/analogs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors/glitazars agonists and amylin agonists. The autonomous and individual management of treatment is essential, implying a balance between food, medication and physical exercise, and therapeutic education as a common denominator. Diabetes mellitus has a social, economic and psychological impact on both the individual and his family, and family support is a variable of treatment success.
Description
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus Metabolismo Tipos de diabetes mellitus Diagnóstico Prevalência Terapêutica Diabetes mellitus Metabolism Types of diabetes mellitus Diagnosis Prevalence Therapeutics