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O papel da microbiota nas doenças inflamatórias intestinais
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Abstract(s)
Nos últimos anos com os avanços nas técnicas de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular a importância da microbiota intestinal fizeram que o mundo da ciência não considerasse o trato gastrointestinal apenas como um simples órgão digestivo, mas se questionasse sobre o impacto que a microbiota intestinal pode ter na saúde humana e no desenvolvimento de patologias.
As doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII) afetam em Portugal cerca de 7 mil a 15 mil pessoas, sendo caracterizadas pela existência de uma inflamação crónica com alvo preferencial no trato gastrointestinal. Apesar da sua etiologia ainda não ser bem compreendida, fatores genéticos e ambientais que levam a alterações na microbiota têm sido alvo de estudo. O corpo humano é colonizado por trilhões de células bacterianas e assim o conhecimento do papel da microbiota gastrointestinal na etiologia das DII permite
melhorar a qualidade de vida e otimizar o tratamento. A terapêutica disponível irá depender da gravidade e da extensão da doença, da resposta às intervenções já efetuadas e do número e gravidade das crises anteriores, sendo os aminossalicilatos os mais utilizados bem como os corticosteroides. Também os probióticos e prebióticos têm apresentado grande potencial em abordagens terapêuticas de DII.
Os profissionais de saúde são muito importantes no acompanhamento destes doentes, tendo um papel ativo na tomada de medidas modificadoras de comportamentos (dieta, exposição a fatores de risco como o tabaco), na abordagem a novas terapêuticas (probióticos e prebióticos) e assim contribuírem para a melhoria da qualidade de vida destes doentes.
Atendendo à importância do papel microbiota no desenvolvimento das DII, os objetivos deste trabalham visaram: caraterizar a microbiota intestinal; analisar o papel da microbiota intestinal no desenvolvimento de patologias intestinais; aferir que fatores podem levar a alterações da microbiota intestinal; conhecer diferentes tipos de DII e suas manifestações; perceber quais as terapêuticas usadas no seu tratamento; verificar a
importância dos prebióticos, probióticos e simbióticos; relacionar a importância de outros parâmetros, como a dieta, no controlo da sintomatologia de forma a melhorar a qualidade de vida dos doentes.
In recent years, the microbiology and molecular biology techniques have improved and scientifically, the gastrointestinal tract is no longer considered a simple digestive organ. It has also been explored the impact that the intestinal microbiota can have on health and in the development of pathologies. In Portugal, the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affect about 7 thousand to 15 thousand people and even etiologically are still not well understood, genetic and environmental factors that lead to changes in the microbiota have been target of study. The human body is colonized by trillions of bacterial cells and the knowledge of the gastrointestinal microbiota improves the quality of life and optimizes treatment. The therapy available will depend on the severity and extent of the disease, the response of interventions already carried out and the number and severity of previous crisis. Aminosalicylates and corticosteroids are the most used medicines. Probiotics and prebiotics have also shown great potential in IBD treatment. The health care professionals have a crucial impact on monitoring these patients, taking an active role and promoting the change of some behaviors (such as diet and tobacco) and helping them with new therapies (prebiotics and probiotics). Therefore, the health care professionals are an important contributor to improve the quality of life on patients with IBD. According to the importance of the microbiota in the development of IBD, the objectives of this dissertation are: characterize the intestinal microbiota; analyze the intestinal microbiota in the development of intestinal pathologies; be aware of what factors can lead to changes in the intestinal microbiota; know the different types and manifestations of IBD; understand which therapies are used in IBD treatment; verify the importance of prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics; relate the importance of others parameters, such as diet, to control symptoms in order to improve patients' quality of life.
In recent years, the microbiology and molecular biology techniques have improved and scientifically, the gastrointestinal tract is no longer considered a simple digestive organ. It has also been explored the impact that the intestinal microbiota can have on health and in the development of pathologies. In Portugal, the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affect about 7 thousand to 15 thousand people and even etiologically are still not well understood, genetic and environmental factors that lead to changes in the microbiota have been target of study. The human body is colonized by trillions of bacterial cells and the knowledge of the gastrointestinal microbiota improves the quality of life and optimizes treatment. The therapy available will depend on the severity and extent of the disease, the response of interventions already carried out and the number and severity of previous crisis. Aminosalicylates and corticosteroids are the most used medicines. Probiotics and prebiotics have also shown great potential in IBD treatment. The health care professionals have a crucial impact on monitoring these patients, taking an active role and promoting the change of some behaviors (such as diet and tobacco) and helping them with new therapies (prebiotics and probiotics). Therefore, the health care professionals are an important contributor to improve the quality of life on patients with IBD. According to the importance of the microbiota in the development of IBD, the objectives of this dissertation are: characterize the intestinal microbiota; analyze the intestinal microbiota in the development of intestinal pathologies; be aware of what factors can lead to changes in the intestinal microbiota; know the different types and manifestations of IBD; understand which therapies are used in IBD treatment; verify the importance of prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics; relate the importance of others parameters, such as diet, to control symptoms in order to improve patients' quality of life.
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Keywords
Microbiota intestinal Doenças inflamatórias intestinais Doença Crohn Colite ulcerosa Prebióticos Probióticos Gut microbiota Inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Prebiotics Probiotics