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Nutri-young: avaliação de comportamentos alimentares e de parâmetros antropométricos de estudantes – estudo comparativo
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| 39589 | 1.6 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A adolescência é uma fase importante para a estruturação de comportamentos promotores de saúde, mas também de comportamentos de risco, como o consumo tabágico e/ou de bebidas alcoólicas, a exposição excessiva a ecrãs, a inatividade física e padrões alimentares nutricionalmente deficitários. Também ocorrem alterações na composição corporal que podem ter influência nos níveis de satisfação com a sua imagem corporal. Todas estas alterações têm claramente um papel determinante na saúde e qualidade de vida futura destes indivíduos, pelo que a sua identificação e quantificação são essenciais.
Objetivos: i) Avaliar os comportamentos alimentares e outros estilos de vida de estudantes do ensino secundário, o seu grau de satisfação com a imagem corporal e o seu estado nutricional atual; ii) Estudar a agregação de vários estilos de vida menos saudáveis; iii) Estabelecer uma análise comparativa entre duas instituições de ensino de meios sociodemográficos distintos.
Metodologia: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal, comparativo entre duas instituições de ensino (Escola Profissional de Tecnologia Psicossocial do Porto, n=53) e Colégio de Gaia, n=91). Os estudantes, após consentimento do seu representante legal, responderam a questionários estruturados sobre as dimensões em estudo, incluindo um questionário de frequência alimentar validado, e foram também efetuadas medições antropométricas (peso, estatura, perímetro da cintura) por observadores treinados.
Resultados: Observou-se uma elevada prevalência de comportamentos de risco em ambas as instituições de ensino, com prevalências significativamente superiores na Escola Profissional, com contexto socioeconómico menos favorecido. No geral, estes parecem ter um padrão de estilos de vida menos saudável (média 2,36 vs 2,73, p=0,021; âmbito variação: 0 a 5). Por outro lado, os estudantes do Colégio de Gaia reportaram uma maior ingestão emocional (face a emoções negativas) (52.7% vs 35.8%). As prevalências de inadequação de macro e micronutrientes foram significativamente superiores na Escola Profissional, embora ambas tenham uma inadequação de ingestão de sódio superior a 90 %., A maioria dos estudantes, independentemente da instituição, encontram-se insatisfeitos com a sua imagem corporal (79,2% na Escola Profissional e 61,6% no Colégio de Gaia, p=0,162), maioritariamente por excesso. A prevalência de estudantes com excesso de peso ou obesidade (35,9% vs 31,9%) e em risco cardiovascular, avaliado através da razão perímetro da cintura-altura foram elevadas e superiores na Escola Profissional (22,6% vs 11,0%), mas sem diferenças significativas entre instituições.
Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo além de suportarem diferenças relevantes em termos de hábitos alimentares e de outros estilos de vida entre estudantes de escolas de meios sociodemográficos distintos, poderão servir de base futura à delineação de intervenções nas duas instituições e contribuir para uma melhoria efetiva do ambiente escolar, que se espera promotor de saúde.
Backgroud: Adolescence is an important period for structuring health-promoting behaviors, but also risk behaviors, such as smoking and/or alcoholic beverages consumption, excessive screen time exposure, the reduced practice of physical activity and diets potentially causing nutritional deficits. Changes also occur in body composition, that can influence levels of body image satisfaction. All of these changes clearly have an important role in future health and quality of life of these Aims: i) To evaluate eating behaviors and other lifestyles of high school students, their satisfaction with body image and current nutritional status; ii) to study the clustering of several less healthy lifestyles; iii) to establish a comparative analysis between two education institutions with different sociodemographic backgrounds. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, comparatuve of two education institutions (Escola Profissional de Tecnologia Psicossocial do Porto, n=53) and Colégio de Gaia, n=91). The students, after consent from their legal representative, responded to structured questionnaires about the study dimensions, including a validated food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) were performed by trained observers. Results: There is a high prevalence of risk behaviors in both education institutions, significantly higher in the Escola Profissional, with a less favored socioeconomic context. Furthermore, students from Escola Profissional appear to have a less healthy pattern of lifestyles (mean 2.36 vs 2.73, p=0.021; variation range: 0 to 5). On the other hand, students from Colégio de Gaia reported greater emotional eating (facing negative emotions). The prevalence of macro and micronutrient inadequacy was significantly higher at Escola Profissional, although both institutions presented an inadequate intake of sodium above 90%. Independently of the institution, the majority were unsatisfied with their body image (79.2% at Escola Profissional; 61.6% at Colégio de Gaia, p=0.162), mainly by excesso. The prevalence of students with overweight or obesity (35.9% vs 31.9%) and at cardiovascular risk, assessed through the waist circunference-to-height ratio were high and increased at Escola Profissional (22.6% vs 11.0%), but no significant differences were observed. Conclusions: The results from this study, support relevant differences in terms of eating habits and other lifestyles between students from schools with different sociodemographic backgrounds, and could help as a future basis for the development of interventions in the two institutions and contribute to an effective improvement of the school environment, expected to promote health.
Backgroud: Adolescence is an important period for structuring health-promoting behaviors, but also risk behaviors, such as smoking and/or alcoholic beverages consumption, excessive screen time exposure, the reduced practice of physical activity and diets potentially causing nutritional deficits. Changes also occur in body composition, that can influence levels of body image satisfaction. All of these changes clearly have an important role in future health and quality of life of these Aims: i) To evaluate eating behaviors and other lifestyles of high school students, their satisfaction with body image and current nutritional status; ii) to study the clustering of several less healthy lifestyles; iii) to establish a comparative analysis between two education institutions with different sociodemographic backgrounds. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, comparatuve of two education institutions (Escola Profissional de Tecnologia Psicossocial do Porto, n=53) and Colégio de Gaia, n=91). The students, after consent from their legal representative, responded to structured questionnaires about the study dimensions, including a validated food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) were performed by trained observers. Results: There is a high prevalence of risk behaviors in both education institutions, significantly higher in the Escola Profissional, with a less favored socioeconomic context. Furthermore, students from Escola Profissional appear to have a less healthy pattern of lifestyles (mean 2.36 vs 2.73, p=0.021; variation range: 0 to 5). On the other hand, students from Colégio de Gaia reported greater emotional eating (facing negative emotions). The prevalence of macro and micronutrient inadequacy was significantly higher at Escola Profissional, although both institutions presented an inadequate intake of sodium above 90%. Independently of the institution, the majority were unsatisfied with their body image (79.2% at Escola Profissional; 61.6% at Colégio de Gaia, p=0.162), mainly by excesso. The prevalence of students with overweight or obesity (35.9% vs 31.9%) and at cardiovascular risk, assessed through the waist circunference-to-height ratio were high and increased at Escola Profissional (22.6% vs 11.0%), but no significant differences were observed. Conclusions: The results from this study, support relevant differences in terms of eating habits and other lifestyles between students from schools with different sociodemographic backgrounds, and could help as a future basis for the development of interventions in the two institutions and contribute to an effective improvement of the school environment, expected to promote health.
Description
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Keywords
Comportamentos alimentares Estilos de vida Imagem corporal Obesidade Adolescência Eating habits Lifestyles Body image Obesity Adolescence