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Sarcopenia e saúde oral: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
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A sarcopenia tem motivado um crescente interesse por despoletar a necessidade de cuidados especializados na saúde das pessoas idosas, inclusive na saúde oral. É uma doença caracterizada pela diminuição progressiva de massa muscular, força e funcionalidade, associada a potenciais complicações de saúde, incluindo fraturas, deterioração funcional e aumento da mortalidade. A sua prevalência é variável, mas significativa, podendo atingir até 50% da população idosa, além de ser uma condição frequentemente não diagnosticada. Por sua vez, a saúde oral engloba o estado dos dentes, gengivas e todo o sistema oral e maxilo facial. Uma boa saúde oral possibilita funções essenciais como mastigação, fala e deglutição adequadas, além de melhorar diretamente a qualidade de vida e a autoestima. O objetivo deste trabalho foi reunir evidências sobre a associação entre sarcopenia e saúde oral em pessoas idosas. Para isso foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura que reuniu estudos publicados nos últimos 6 anos. Os resultados evidenciaram que a sarcopenia pode comprometer a musculatura mastigatória, dificultando a mastigação, o que vai restringir a ingestão adequada de alimentos ricos em nutrientes essenciais, fundamentais para manter a massa muscular e a saúde em geral. Os problemas de saúde oral, como perda dentária ou próteses mal-adaptadas, agravam este quadro ao dificultar ainda mais a alimentação. As doenças periodontais são fontes de inflamação crónica, o que pode acelerar a progressão da sarcopenia. Todas estas condições afetam negativamente a mobilidade, independência e qualidade de vida do idoso. Concluiu-se que a relação entre sarcopenia e saúde oral é bidirecional. Recomenda-se, assim, uma abordagem multidisciplinar envolvendo profissionais de dentária, geriatria, fisioterapia e nutrição, para poder haver um diagnóstico precoce e tratamentos eficazes dos problemas, promovendo um envelhecimento saudável e qualidade de vida.
Sarcopenia has motivated a growing interest in triggering the need for specialized healthcare for the elderly, including oral health. It is a disease characterized by a progressive decrease in muscle mass, strength and functionality, associated with potential health complications, including fractures, functional deterioration and increased mortality. Its prevalence is variable but significant and can reach up to 50% of the elderly population, and it is a condition that is often undiagnosed. Im turn, oral health encompasses the condition of the teeth, gums and the entire oral and maxillofacial system. Good oral health enables essential functions such as adequate chewing, speech and swallowing, in addition to directly improving quality of life and self-esteem. The objective of this study was to gather evidence on the association between sarcopenia and oral health. To this end, an integrative review of the literature was carried out, bringing together studies published in the last 6 years. The results showed that sarcopenia can compromise the masticatory muscles, making chewing difficult, which will restrict the adequate intake of essential nutrients, which are fundamental for maintaining muscle mass and general health. Oral health problems, such as tooth loss or ill-fitting prostheses, aggravate this condition by make eating even more difficult. Periodontal diseases are sources of chronic inflammation, which can accelerate the progression of sarcopenia. All of these conditions negatively affect mobility, independence and quality of life in the elderly. It was concluded that the relationship between sarcopenia and oral health is bidirectional. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach involving professionals from dentistry, geriatrics, physiotherapy and nutrition is recommended, in order to ensure early diagnosis and effective treatment of problems, promoting healthy aging and quality of life.
Sarcopenia has motivated a growing interest in triggering the need for specialized healthcare for the elderly, including oral health. It is a disease characterized by a progressive decrease in muscle mass, strength and functionality, associated with potential health complications, including fractures, functional deterioration and increased mortality. Its prevalence is variable but significant and can reach up to 50% of the elderly population, and it is a condition that is often undiagnosed. Im turn, oral health encompasses the condition of the teeth, gums and the entire oral and maxillofacial system. Good oral health enables essential functions such as adequate chewing, speech and swallowing, in addition to directly improving quality of life and self-esteem. The objective of this study was to gather evidence on the association between sarcopenia and oral health. To this end, an integrative review of the literature was carried out, bringing together studies published in the last 6 years. The results showed that sarcopenia can compromise the masticatory muscles, making chewing difficult, which will restrict the adequate intake of essential nutrients, which are fundamental for maintaining muscle mass and general health. Oral health problems, such as tooth loss or ill-fitting prostheses, aggravate this condition by make eating even more difficult. Periodontal diseases are sources of chronic inflammation, which can accelerate the progression of sarcopenia. All of these conditions negatively affect mobility, independence and quality of life in the elderly. It was concluded that the relationship between sarcopenia and oral health is bidirectional. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach involving professionals from dentistry, geriatrics, physiotherapy and nutrition is recommended, in order to ensure early diagnosis and effective treatment of problems, promoting healthy aging and quality of life.
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Sarcopenia Saúde oral Pessoas idosas Oral health Elderly people