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A promoção dos direitos humanos no continente africano: estudo sobre a Guiné-Bissau
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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho resulta da minha experiência enquanto voluntária numa ONG a trabalhar
Guiné-Bissau. Viajo várias vezes até à Guiné-Bissau e percebo que, acima de tudo, há uma
resignação sobre a condição de extremamente pobre. O desconhecimento da lei, e o próprio
analfabetismo crónico, impedem a população de fazer mais. A ausência de Estado Social
conduziu as pessoas a refugiarem-se na sobrevivência diária. Partindo desta observação,
este Trabalho de projeto visa determinar como está protegida a condição humana na África
Ocidental, e em particular na Guiné-Bissau, zona tão rica em matérias-primas mas entre as
regiões mais pobres do mundo. Este projeto inicia-se com o estudo do Direito Internacional
dos Direitos Humanos, a sua evolução e caracterização. Contextualiza ainda os Direitos
Humanos no plano universal e referencia as suas principais fontes e instrumentos jurídicos.
Estes instrumentos conduziram à criação do sistema jurídico regional africano, à
Organização da União Africana e à Carta Africana dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos.
Mais recentemente, a União Africana, matriz do Comité dos Direitos Humanos e ainda do
Tribunal Africano dos Direitos do Homem e dos Povos, permitiu progressos inesperados,
pois vinte e sete Estados estão já sob a jurisdição deste Tribunal. Mas, tal como no caso de
outros instrumentos internacionais (universais e regionais) a Guiné-Bissau ainda não
aderiu. Para além do direito internacional, o trabalho faz um balanço da situação do direito
interno dos direitos humanos na Guiné-Bissau. Através da análise do trabalho desenvolvido
pela Liga Guineense dos Direitos Humanos, o Trabalho analisa o trajeto que tem sido
seguido na história recente dos direitos humanos na Guiné-Bissau, e a forma como a
comunidade internacional (regional e mundial) e as suas instituições se têm refletido na
vida diária da população. Se a evolução dos direitos humanos no continente africano tem
sido marcada por recuos, mas igualmente avanços, os esforços da sociedade civil serão
cada vez mais necessários para garantir a sustentabilidade dos esforços para que, em pleno
século XXI, todos os seres humanos conheçam os seus direitos e disponham de meios para
os fazerem valer.
This work is the result of my experience as a volunteer in a NGO working in Guinea- Bissau. I always return to Guinea-Bissau and I realized that, above all, there is a resignation about the extremely poor condition. Ignorance of the law, linked to chronic illiteracy, prevent population to do more. The absence of any Welfare State has led people to rely only on daily survival. Starting from this observation, this project aims to determine how to secure the human condition in West Africa, and in particularly in Guinea-Bissau, an area so rich in raw materials but among the poorest regions of the world. This project begins with the study of international human rights law, its evolution and characterization. It contextualizes the human rights in the universal area and looks at its main sources and legal instruments. These instruments led to the creation of the African regional legal system, the Organization of African Unity and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. More recently, the African Union, the Human Rights Committee and the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, allowed unexpected progress, as twenty-seven States are now under the jurisdiction of this Court. But, as in the case of other international instruments (regional and universal) Guinea-Bissau has not yet acceded. In addition to international law, the work questions the situation of the internal law of human rights in Guinea-Bissau. Through the analysis of the work carried out by the Guinean League of Human Rights, the work analyzes the path that has been followed in recent history of human rights in Guinea- Bissau, and the way the international community (regional and global) and its institutions are reflected in daily life of the population. The evolution of human rights in Africa has been marked by setbacks, but also advances, and the efforts of civil society will be increasingly necessary to ensure sustainability of efforts guarantee that, in the 21st century, all human beings know their rights and have the means to make them real.
This work is the result of my experience as a volunteer in a NGO working in Guinea- Bissau. I always return to Guinea-Bissau and I realized that, above all, there is a resignation about the extremely poor condition. Ignorance of the law, linked to chronic illiteracy, prevent population to do more. The absence of any Welfare State has led people to rely only on daily survival. Starting from this observation, this project aims to determine how to secure the human condition in West Africa, and in particularly in Guinea-Bissau, an area so rich in raw materials but among the poorest regions of the world. This project begins with the study of international human rights law, its evolution and characterization. It contextualizes the human rights in the universal area and looks at its main sources and legal instruments. These instruments led to the creation of the African regional legal system, the Organization of African Unity and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. More recently, the African Union, the Human Rights Committee and the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, allowed unexpected progress, as twenty-seven States are now under the jurisdiction of this Court. But, as in the case of other international instruments (regional and universal) Guinea-Bissau has not yet acceded. In addition to international law, the work questions the situation of the internal law of human rights in Guinea-Bissau. Through the analysis of the work carried out by the Guinean League of Human Rights, the work analyzes the path that has been followed in recent history of human rights in Guinea- Bissau, and the way the international community (regional and global) and its institutions are reflected in daily life of the population. The evolution of human rights in Africa has been marked by setbacks, but also advances, and the efforts of civil society will be increasingly necessary to ensure sustainability of efforts guarantee that, in the 21st century, all human beings know their rights and have the means to make them real.
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Keywords
África Guiné-Bissau Promoção dos direitos humanos Organizações não-governamentais Africa Guinea-Bissau Promotion of human rights Non-governmental organizations