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Influência do método Pilates no equilíbrio de idosos e seu impacto sobre o risco de quedas e qualidade de vida: ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado
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INTRODUÇÃO: O cenário mundial se encontra em um processo de transição sociodemográfica, com destaque para o crescimento da população com mais de 60 anos. Envelhecer acarreta alterações morfológicas e funcionais que geram impactos biopsicossociais, afetando diretamente a qualidade de vida. O crescimento da procura por Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI) é relatado na literatura e estudos mostram que os idosos que habitam essas instituições são mais vulneráveis e apresentam maior risco de quedas. O exercício físico é descrito como ferramenta fundamental para promover melhora da funcionalidade com destaque para o método Pilates, que vem ganhando força no meio científico, devido aos benefícios já relatados. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo de investigação foi avaliar o impacto do método Pilates no equilíbrio, risco de quedas e qualidade de vida em idosas institucionalizadas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado, realizado numa instituição de idosas numa cidade do interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foi avaliado o equilíbrio pela escala de Tinetti; o risco de quedas pelo TUG test e a qualidade de vida através do questionário SF-36. Todos os instrumentos foram aplicados antes e depois da intervenção. Foi desenvolvido e implementado um programa de execícios de Pilates solo. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: GP (Grupo Pilates, com realização do programa de exercícios e cartilha de orientação sobre risco de quedas) e GC (Grupo Controle, onde foi distribuída apenas a cartilha). A intervenção durou três meses, com realização dos exercícios três vezes por semana. RESULTADOS: Houve melhora significativa do equilíbrio das idosas submetidas ao Pilates (p=0,001). Foi observada redução significativa do risco de quedas das idosas do grupo Pilates (p = 0,001). Em relação à qualidade de vida, foi observada melhora significativa em sete dos oito domínios avaliados: capacidade funcional (p = 0,01); aspectos físicos (p = 0,03); dor (p = 0,03); vitalidade (p= 0,04); aspectos sociais (p = 0,01); aspectos emocionais (p = 0,047) e saúde mental (p = 0,001); exceto no estado geral de saúde (p = 0,06). CONCLUSÃO: Com base nos achados do presente estudo, podemos concluir que o método Pilates contribui para melhora do equilíbrio, redução do risco de quedas e qualidade de vida de idosas institucionalizadas.
INTRODUCTION: The world scenario is in a process of sociodemographic transition, with emphasis on the growth of the population over 60 years old. Aging causes morphological and functional changes that generate biopsychosocial impacts directly affecting quality of life. The growth in demand for Long Term Care Institutions for the Elderly (ILPI) is reported in the literature and studies show that the elderly who live in these institutions are more vulnerable and are at greater risk of falls. Physical exercise is described as a fundamental tool to promote improved functionality, with emphasis on the Pilates method, which has been gaining strength in the scientific community due to the benefits already reported. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research study was to evaluate the impact of the Pilates method on balance, risk of falls and quality of life in institutionalized elderly women. METHODS: This is a Randomized Controlled Trial, carried out in an elderly institution in a city in the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Balance was assessed using the Tinetti scale; the risk of falls by the TUG test and quality of life through the SF-36 questionnaire. All instruments were applied before and after the intervention. A solo Pilates exercise program was developed and implemented. The sample was divided into two groups: GP (Pilates Group, carrying out the exercise program and guidance booklet on risk of falls) and CG (Control Group, where only the booklet was distributed). The intervention lasted three months, with the exercises performed three times a week. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in the balance of elderly women submitted to Pilates (p = 0.001). There was a significant reduction in the risk of falls among elderly women in the Pilates group (p = 0.001). Regarding quality of life, a significant improvement was observed in seven of the eight domains assessed: functional capacity (p = 0.01); physical aspects (p = 0.03); pain (p = 0.03); vitality (p = 0.04); social aspects (p = 0.01); emotional aspects (p = 0.047) and mental health (p = 0.001); except in general health (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of the present study, we can conclude that the Pilates method contributes to improving balance, reducing the risk of falls and quality of life of institutionalized elderly women.
INTRODUCTION: The world scenario is in a process of sociodemographic transition, with emphasis on the growth of the population over 60 years old. Aging causes morphological and functional changes that generate biopsychosocial impacts directly affecting quality of life. The growth in demand for Long Term Care Institutions for the Elderly (ILPI) is reported in the literature and studies show that the elderly who live in these institutions are more vulnerable and are at greater risk of falls. Physical exercise is described as a fundamental tool to promote improved functionality, with emphasis on the Pilates method, which has been gaining strength in the scientific community due to the benefits already reported. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research study was to evaluate the impact of the Pilates method on balance, risk of falls and quality of life in institutionalized elderly women. METHODS: This is a Randomized Controlled Trial, carried out in an elderly institution in a city in the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Balance was assessed using the Tinetti scale; the risk of falls by the TUG test and quality of life through the SF-36 questionnaire. All instruments were applied before and after the intervention. A solo Pilates exercise program was developed and implemented. The sample was divided into two groups: GP (Pilates Group, carrying out the exercise program and guidance booklet on risk of falls) and CG (Control Group, where only the booklet was distributed). The intervention lasted three months, with the exercises performed three times a week. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in the balance of elderly women submitted to Pilates (p = 0.001). There was a significant reduction in the risk of falls among elderly women in the Pilates group (p = 0.001). Regarding quality of life, a significant improvement was observed in seven of the eight domains assessed: functional capacity (p = 0.01); physical aspects (p = 0.03); pain (p = 0.03); vitality (p = 0.04); social aspects (p = 0.01); emotional aspects (p = 0.047) and mental health (p = 0.001); except in general health (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of the present study, we can conclude that the Pilates method contributes to improving balance, reducing the risk of falls and quality of life of institutionalized elderly women.
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Idosos Pilates Equilíbrio Qualidade de vida Elderly Pilates Balance Quality of life