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- Total antioxidant activity and trace elements in human milk: the first 4 months of breast-feedingPublication . Matos, Carla; Moutinho, Carla; Balcão, Victor; Almeida, Cristina; Ribeiro, Marta; Marques, Agostinho Franklim; Guerra, AntónioThe content of many nutrients in breast milk are dependent on the nutritional status of the lactating woman. This is particularly true for fat and water-soluble vitamins, some of which have antioxidant properties. The aim of the study entertained herein was to evaluate the changes in total antioxidant status of human milk during the first 4 months of lactation, and to correlate such changes with the contents in specific antioxidant oligoelements (Cu, Zn, Mn and Se). Milk samples were collected from (31) lactating women recruited at the Service of Obstetrics of the Hospital de São João in Porto, after 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after birth. The total antioxidant status (TAS) of human milk was measured by the Randox® commercial kit and trace metals by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry). The results found for TAS and oligoelements under study show a decrease in the concentration of these parameters from 7 days to 4 months of breast-feeding and significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between TAS and Cu, Zn and Se (not Mn). The decreases of Cu, Zn and Se were also correlated, but not proportional between them, suggesting diverse excretion mechanisms for all. Between primipara and multipara women, a significant difference was found only for Cu and Zn concentrations at 7 days of lactation, but not for the other metals or TAS. With respect to the mother’s age, no correlation was found, either for trace metal concentrations or TAS.
- Alterações na composição lipídica do leite materno durante as primeiras dezasseis semanas de amamentaçãoPublication . Matos, Carla; Moutinho, Carla; Almeida, Cristina; Pereira, Adriana; Balcão, Victor; Ribeiro, Marta; Guimarães, Hercília; Rocha, Gustavo; Guerra, AntónioO estudo realizado teve como objectivo a avaliação da composição de ácidos gordos (AG) no leite materno aos 7 dias e 4, 8, 12 e 16 semanas de lactação. A metodologia para a extracção da gordura do leite materno foi adaptada da norma ISO 14156:2001. Os ácidos gordos foram quantificados após derivatização, com base na norma ISO 15885:2002, por cromatografia gasosa com detector por ionização em chama. Concluiu-se com este trabalho de investigação que o decréscimo na percentagem dos ácidos araquidónico (AA) e docosahexaenóico (DHA), para o valor total de AG, não se traduz num aporte desequilibrado destas moléculas para o lactente, dado que, o que realmente importa, é o rácio estável destes AG ao longo do período de lactação. The research effort described herein has as main goal the evaluation of the fatty acid composition (AG) in human mother’s milk at 7 days and 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of breastfeeding after giving birth. The methodology used for the extraction of fat in human milk was adapted from the ISO 14156:2001 norm. Individual fatty acids were quantified by gas chromatography (GC-FID) with flame ionization detector, after derivatization, following the procedure described in the ISO 15885:2002 norm. As a major conclusion evolving from the results obtained in this research effort, the decrease in the percentage of arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, relative to the total content of fatty acids (AG), does not translate into an unbalanced uptake of these molecules by the suckling baby, since that, what really matters, is the stable ratio of these fatty acids throughout the lactation period.
- Trace element compositional changes in human milk during the first four months of lactationPublication . Matos, Carla; Moutinho, Carla; Almeida, Cristina; Guerra, António; Balcão, VictorThe aims of this paper were to evaluate changes in specific oligoelements in human milk during the first four months of lactation and to correlate such changes with total antioxidant status (TAS) and other parameters, such as the mother's age, primipara versus multipara, and supplement intake. Milk samples were collected from 31 lactating women following 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after birth. Trace levels of 13 elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results obtained for the oligoelements exhibited a decrease in concentration from 7 days to 4 months of breast-feeding, with exceptions. Correlations were found between TAS and Co, V, Rb and Tl. Between primipara and multipara, differences were found for Ni and Rb. Regarding the mother's age, correlation was found for Rb and Ba (increased for mothers older than 30 years). Increased amounts of Rb, Mo and Tl at any lactation period appeared in women who took supplements.