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- Nursing psychotherapeutic interventions: a review of clinical studiesPublication . Sampaio, Francisco Miguel Correia; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaAims and objectives To summarise current knowledge about nursing psychotherapeutic interventions in adults. Background In Portugal, the provision of psychotherapeutic interventions is considered a competence of mental health nurses. However, literature is not totally clear about the differences between ‘psychotherapy’ and ‘psychotherapeutic interventions’ and about the specific characteristics that define a nursing psychotherapeutic intervention. Design Narrative review. Methods A literature review utilising MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Web of Science, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and MedicLatina computerised databases for the period from 2003–2013. A total of 151 eligible articles were identified. Relevant data were extracted, and findings were synthetised in a narrative synthesis. Results Nursing psychotherapeutic interventions are frequently based on ‘Cognitive‐Behavioural’ rationale. The usual length of these interventions varies between 5–16 weeks, in a total of 5–12 sessions of 45–60 minutes. The mechanisms of change are heterogeneous, but the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the client seems to be the most important positive predictive factor of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions. Some of the most used outcome assessment measures include the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the CORE‐OM. The effectiveness of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions has been widely demonstrated in many studies. However, the need of further studies to prove its cost effectiveness is evident. Conclusions It is necessary to have a better understanding of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions, one that explains its conceptual limits, to improve mental health nursing knowledge and create suitable models of psychotherapeutic intervention in nursing. Relevance to clinical practice The findings of this review can create awareness for some weaknesses of nursing knowledge about the psychotherapeutic intervention and for the need to produce knowledge, to nurture the nursing discipline in the area of psychotherapeutic intervention with even more theoretical and practical support.
- Content Validity of a Psychotherapeutic Intervention Model in Nursing: A Modified e-Delphi StudyPublication . Sampaio, Francisco Miguel Correia; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaAIM: To estimate the content validity of a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing. BACKGROUND: Mental health nurses encounter great extrinsic difficulties when it comes to providing psychotherapeutic interventions due to the fact that they are not allowed to perform such practice in some countries. In this light, the pursuit of a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing seems germane to guide the professionals' psychotherapeutic practice, contributing hereof to increase mental health nurses' professional autonomy. DESIGN: Modified e-Delphi. METHODS: Data were collected from October 2015 to January 2016 by means of three rounds of online questionnaires. The initial questionnaire was structured into five sections: general structure of the model, patients' exclusion criteria, assessment framework, nursing diagnoses, and nursing psychotherapeutic interventions. From the 42 experts invited, at least twenty (20) participated in each round. RESULTS: The experts achieved consensus with regard to the conclusion that nursing psychotherapeutic interventions should always seek to address a nursing diagnosis. These defined furthermore that a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing should be exercised by means of 3 to 12 sessions using Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) as a resource. Finally, experts deemed that the model should follow the principles of integrative psychotherapy, so that techniques from different schools of psychotherapy could therefore be used in conjunction to promote the resolution of a nursing diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Achieving consensus about the structure of a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing is imperative to guide nurses in the provision of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions and to enable an effective evaluation of the health gains associated with its implementation.
- Contributes for the development of a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing: A focus group study in Portugal and SpainPublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaPurpose To explore the aspects set forth as the minimum set of features that should integrate a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing. Design and Methods Two focus groups were conducted, with the participation of 15 nursing professionals. Data were analysed thematically. Findings Five topics previously identified were analysed: theoretical conceptualization, structure, patients’ inclusion and exclusion criteria, operationalization, and evaluation of the intervention(s) effectiveness. Theoretical conceptualization has been mainly grounded on Peplau's theory. Moreover, participants believe that standardized nursing language and nursing process should be the presumptions of the model. Practice Implications This study allowed the identification of a minimum set of features that should integrate a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing, about which consensus must be reached with a view to its further development.
- A randomized controlled trial of a nursing psychotherapeutic intervention for anxiety in adult psychiatric outpatientsPublication . Sampaio, Francisco Miguel Correia; Araújo, Odete; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Martins, TeresaAim To evaluate the short‐term efficacy of a psychotherapeutic intervention in nursing on Portuguese adult psychiatric outpatients with the nursing diagnosis “anxiety.” Background Several efficacious forms of treatment for anxiety are available, including different forms of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. However, literature tends to favour findings from studies on the efficacy of psychotherapies and therapies provided by nurses to the detriment of those arising from studies on the efficacy of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions (interventions which are classified, for instance, on Nursing Interventions Classification). Design Randomized controlled trial. Methods The study was performed, between November 2016 ‐ April 2017, at a psychiatry outpatient ward. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group (N = 29) or a treatment‐as‐usual control group (N = 31). Patients in the intervention group received psychopharmacotherapy with interventions integrated in the Nursing Interventions Classification for the nursing diagnosis “anxiety.” A treatment‐as‐usual control group received only psychopharmacotherapy (if applicable). Anxiety level and anxiety self‐control were the primary outcomes. Results Patients from both groups had reduced anxiety levels, between the pre‐test and the posttest assessment; however, according to analysis of means, patients in the intervention group displayed significantly better results than those of the control group. Furthermore, only patients in the intervention group presented significant improvements in anxiety self‐control. Conclusion This study demonstrated the short‐term efficacy of this psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing in the decrease of anxiety level and improvement of anxiety self‐control in a group of psychiatric outpatients with pathological anxiety. Trial Registration Number: NCT02930473.