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- Amelogenin-based molecular methods for sexual dimorphism identification: protocol of a scoping reviewPublication . Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Moreira, Teresa; Dupuis, Clarisse; Correia de Castro, Filipe; Guimarães, Maria InêsForensic dentistry and sexual dimorphism are distinct concepts. Still, they are related due to the usefulness that the first may have in the second, and this review focuses on them. A scoping review will be performed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology. Scientific databases and grey literature will be used, and the following keywords will be applied: amelogenin, analyses, sex determination, and human identification. This scoping review will include in vitro studies concerning the goal of this review. This scoping review will deepen our knowledge concerning using teeth and amelogenin genes in sex identification in a forensic context. According to the available data, it will help implement guidelines for human remains identification. This protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework.
- Determination of sexual dimorphism through molecular methods: a scoping reviewPublication . Guimarães, Maria Inês; Moreira, Teresa; Dupuis, Clarisse; Lopes Cardoso, InêsBackground: Sexual dimorphism is crucial in forensic investigations. Molecular methods involving amelogenin, a protein in tooth enamel, are used to determine sexual dimorphism by extracting DNA from teeth, amplifying the gene coding for amelogenin through PCR, and analyzing PCR product sizes to identify X and/or Y chromosomes. Objective: This scoping review explored scientific studies using the amelogenin gene to determine sex in forensic dentistry. It addressed the research question: do molecular methods determine sexual dimorphism for forensic identification? Material and methods: A literature review (1996–2024) was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE (via BVS), and CINAHL (via EBSCO host). Inclusion and exclusion criteria guided the selection process, summarized in a PRISMA flowchart. A PCC (Population-Concept-Context) strategy was applied to formulate the research question. Results: Thirteen of the 1091 articles initially considered met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies examined forensic dentistry and sex determination through amelogenin identification. They were categorized into “with treatment” (7 studies) and “without treatment” (6 studies), and all involved in vitro research. Conclusion: Molecular methods targeting the amelogenin gene on the X and Y chromosomes offer an accurate and reliable approach to determining sex.