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- The significance of the hyoid bone in orthodontics: an in-depth analysis – scoping reviewPublication . Franchis, Stefano de; Urzal, VandaThe position of the hyoid bone has gained increasing relevance in orthodontic literature due to its anatomical and functional role in craniofacial balance. This unique structure, suspended by muscles and ligaments without direct skeletal articulation, interacts with the mandible, tongue, cervical spine, and soft palate, directly influencing functions such as swallowing, breathing, and posture. The aim of this thesis is to conduct a scoping review on the relationship between hyoid bone position and dental malocclusions, with particular focus on Angle’s skeletal classes (Class I, II, and III), as well as vertical discrepancies such as open bite and deep bite. Nine studies published between 2010 and 2025 were included, employing imaging techniques like lateral cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography, and evaluating parameters such as H-SN, H-C3, and H-MP. The results show consistent patterns between the type of malocclusion and the spatial positioning of the hyoid bone. Class II skeletal often present a posteriorly and inferiorly displaced hyoid, while Class III skeletal show anterior positioning. In open bite cases, variations in hyoid bone positioning were observed. While some studies reported a more anterior and lower position, others found a posterior and inferior displacement, suggesting methodological differences and the influence of individual skeletal and functional factors. Moreover, both orthopedic/orthodontic and surgical treatments, such as functional appliances or orthognathic surgery, were found to significantly influence hyoid bone positioning. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of the hyoid and its adaptability to craniofacial skeletal changes. It is concluded that assessing the hyoid bone position may provide valuable clinical insights in orthodontics, especially in growing patients or complex cases. Including this structure in cephalometric evaluation, may lead to more comprehensive diagnoses and more effective treatment strategies.