Browsing by Author "Cameira, Miguel"
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- Beliefs on marital violence among portuguese adolescents: monitoring their evolution and relationship with dating violencePublication . Neves, Sofia; Cameira, Miguel; Caridade, SóniaIn the last two decades, the problem of violence in the family sphere in particular and in intimate relationships in general has been on the agenda for Portuguese governmental and nongovernmental agencies. Several initiatives and campaigns have been launched, which are aimed at reducing occurrence of this violence, particularly among teenagers. This present study aims to assess the evolution in adolescents’ attitudes and behaviors concerning intimate partner violence. We collected data from a sample of adolescents (n = 913) to compare with corresponding data collected 7 years ago by Neves and Nogueira (2010) in a sample that had identical sociodemographic characteristics (n = 899). Both cohorts resided in the same areas in the northeastern region of Portugal. The instruments used were the Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence (ECVC) and the Marital Violence Inventory (IVC; Neves & Nogueira, 2010). The results indicate that although respondents tend to reject traditional beliefs on marital violence more now than in the past, especially male and older respondents, the percentage of dating violence reports has not decreased. Among girls, there was even an increase in perpetration of emotional and mild physical violence. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy between the evolution of attitudes and behaviors and make suggestions for improvement in the actions implemented among teenagers to increase their effectiveness.
- Fenómenos cognitivos subjacentes ao milenarismo: quando uma profecia falhaPublication . Martins, José Soares; Cameira, MiguelApresenta-se o conceito de dissonância cognitiva (Festinger, 1957) como o mecanismo cognitivo explicativo do proselitismo que frequentemente sucede a profecias não verificadas. Pormenorizam-se as características da dissonância cognitiva ao nível individual e as tácticas de redução do desconforto provocado pela existência de cognições contraditórias (crença-evidência empírica). Discriminam-se as condições propostas por Festinger et al (1956) para o surgimento da necessidade de angariar novos crentes para a crença desconfirmada. O processo descrito é ilustrado pelo movimento milenarista estudado por Festinger et al (1956). São ainda resumidamente focadas crenças/movimentos Milenaristas e ou messiânicos que fazem parte da memória colectiva da cultura ocidental. Estes movimentos são em seguida abordados à luz dos conceitos anteriores. Based on Festinger´s (1957), we build on the idea that cognitive dissonance is the cognitive mechanism underlying the proselytism that often follows disconfirmed prophecies. We address the conditions in which new believers are attracted in order to validate the disconfirmed belief. The process is illustrated with the millenarist movement investigated by Festinger et al (1956). We briefly review other millenarist or messianic beliefs and movements that are part of the western collective memory.