Publication
A dimensão psicológica no processo de reabilitação da lesão desportiva: uma perspectiva de profissionais de medicina desportiva
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Abstract(s)
A lesão desportiva representa uma ameaça diária ao atleta. A sua elevada incidência conduz a um necessário processo de reabilitação. Contudo, a lesão não se afigura apenas como um problema físico, constituindo a dimensão psicológica uma importante componente do tratamento. Embora se verifique um crescendo na investigação dos aspectos psicológicos da lesão desportiva e das intervenções psicológicas com os atletas lesionados, poucos estudos têm focado a perspectiva dos profissionais que lidam com estas problemáticas. Em Portugal a falta de investigação nesta área é notória e poderá ter repercussões nas práticas clínicas. Estudos (Cruz e Dias, 1997) demonstram que os atletas reconhecem o apoio da Equipa Médica e dos seus profissionais durante a sua recuperação. Todavia, e embora a medicina desportiva seja uma modalidade multidisciplinar, os estudos com profissionais de saúde têm incidido unicamente nos terapeutas.
A presente investigação teve como objectivo descrever a percepção de vários PMD sobre a dimensão psicológica no processo de reabilitação da lesão desportiva. O Questionário sobre a Dimensão Psicológica na Reabilitação Desportiva (QDPRD) foi traduzido, validado e adaptado propositadamente para o estudo, através do The Physiotherapist and Sport Psychology Questionnaire (PSPQ). Os participantes com N=68 (29 Técnicos de Reabilitação, 16 Fisioterapeutas, 14 Médicos e 9 Enfermeiros), reconheceram que a lesão tem um impacto psicológico no atleta. O stress/ansiedade, a dependência do exercício e a revolta foram apontados como as respostas mais frequentes encontradas aquando da assistência aos atletas lesionados. A determinação, a sujeição ao tratamento, uma atitude positiva e a motivação foram identificadas pelos PMD como características associadas a atletas que enfrentam com sucesso a lesão. Por outro lado, a desmotivação e a depressão foram descritas como características relacionadas a um menor sucesso da recuperação. O tratamento da dimensão psicológica foi considerado indispensável para a reabilitação do atleta lesionado. Encorajar os pensamentos positivos, incentivar a autoconfiança, encorajar as técnicas de comunicação efetiva e diversificar os exercícios de reabilitação foram relatadas como as técnicas psicológicas mais utilizadas no tratamento. O acesso aos psicólogos do desporto ainda é restrito e a utilização de um sistema de referência não constitui uma realidade. O desejo de uma formação na área da medicina/reabilitação desportiva, sobretudo numa vertente mais prática, foi expresso pela grande maioria dos inquiridos. Aumentar a confiança a autoconfiança do atleta lesionado, incentivar pensamentos positivos e diversificar os exercícios de reabilitação foram as técnicas psicológicas pelas quais os PMD demonstraram um elevado interesse numa maior aprendizagem.
Esta pesquisa aponta para a necessidade de enfatizar mais a dimensão psicológica na formação dos PMD e reafirma a indispensabilidade de serem realizados mais estudos de intervenção psicológica com atletas lesionados, de modo a poder demonstrar o seu potencial, tecer considerações e orientações de tratamento, promovendo uma intervenção cada vez mais eficaz no processo de reabilitação da lesão desportiva.
The injury represents a daily threat to the athlete. Its raised incidence leads to a necessary rehabilitation process. However, the injury is not only figured as a physical problem, constituting the psychological dimension as an important component of the treatment. Although, if it verifies one growing in the investigation of the psychological aspects of the sport injury and the psychological interventions with injured athletes, few studies have focus the perspective of the professionals who deal with this problematic. In Portugal the lack of research in this area is recognized and it may have repercussions in the practical clinics. Studies Cruz e Dias, 1997; Dias, 2001; Neto, 1996) had demonstrated that the athletes recognized the support of Medical Team and its professional during its recovery. Although, and even so the sports medicine is a multidisciplinary discipline, the studies with health care professionals have centre exclusively in the therapists. The present study had as objective to describe the perception of an amount of health care practitioners on the psychological dimension in the sport injury rehabilitation process. The Questionnaire of the Psychological Dimension in the Sport Rehabilitation (QDPRD) was translated, validated and adapted purposely for the study from The Physiotherapist and Sport Psychology Questionnaire (PSPQ). The participants, with N=68 (29 Rehabilitation techniques, 16 Physiotherapists, 14 Doctors and 9 Nurses), had recognized that the injury has a psychological impact in the athlete. Stress/anxiety, dependence and anger/revolt had been pointed as the answers more frequent found when assistance the injured athletes. Determination, compliance with the treatment, positive attitude and motivation had been identified by the professionals as characteristic associates the athlete who faces the injury successfully. On the other hand, poor motivation and depression were described as characteristic had been related to a lesser success of the recovery. The treatment of the psychological dimension was considered indispensable for the recovery of the injured athlete. Encourage the positive thoughts, stimulate the self-confidante, encourage the techniques of effective communication and diversify the rehabilitation exercises had been told as the most used psychological techniques in treatment. The access to sport psychologists still is restricted and the use of reference system does not constitute a reality. The desire of formation in the area of psychology of the sport medicine/rehabilitation, over all in a more practical source, was express for the great majority of the inquired. Increase the self-confidante of the injured athlete, stimulate positive thoughts and diversify the rehabilitation exercises had been the psychological techniques for which the PMD had demonstrated highest interest in a bigger learning. This research points to the necessity to emphasize more the psychological dimension in the formation of the health care practitioners and reaffirms the need to carried through more studies of psychological intervention with injured athletes, in order to be able to demonstrate is potential, to weave considerations and orientations to treatment, promoting and intervention each more efficient in the sport injury rehabilitation process.
The injury represents a daily threat to the athlete. Its raised incidence leads to a necessary rehabilitation process. However, the injury is not only figured as a physical problem, constituting the psychological dimension as an important component of the treatment. Although, if it verifies one growing in the investigation of the psychological aspects of the sport injury and the psychological interventions with injured athletes, few studies have focus the perspective of the professionals who deal with this problematic. In Portugal the lack of research in this area is recognized and it may have repercussions in the practical clinics. Studies Cruz e Dias, 1997; Dias, 2001; Neto, 1996) had demonstrated that the athletes recognized the support of Medical Team and its professional during its recovery. Although, and even so the sports medicine is a multidisciplinary discipline, the studies with health care professionals have centre exclusively in the therapists. The present study had as objective to describe the perception of an amount of health care practitioners on the psychological dimension in the sport injury rehabilitation process. The Questionnaire of the Psychological Dimension in the Sport Rehabilitation (QDPRD) was translated, validated and adapted purposely for the study from The Physiotherapist and Sport Psychology Questionnaire (PSPQ). The participants, with N=68 (29 Rehabilitation techniques, 16 Physiotherapists, 14 Doctors and 9 Nurses), had recognized that the injury has a psychological impact in the athlete. Stress/anxiety, dependence and anger/revolt had been pointed as the answers more frequent found when assistance the injured athletes. Determination, compliance with the treatment, positive attitude and motivation had been identified by the professionals as characteristic associates the athlete who faces the injury successfully. On the other hand, poor motivation and depression were described as characteristic had been related to a lesser success of the recovery. The treatment of the psychological dimension was considered indispensable for the recovery of the injured athlete. Encourage the positive thoughts, stimulate the self-confidante, encourage the techniques of effective communication and diversify the rehabilitation exercises had been told as the most used psychological techniques in treatment. The access to sport psychologists still is restricted and the use of reference system does not constitute a reality. The desire of formation in the area of psychology of the sport medicine/rehabilitation, over all in a more practical source, was express for the great majority of the inquired. Increase the self-confidante of the injured athlete, stimulate positive thoughts and diversify the rehabilitation exercises had been the psychological techniques for which the PMD had demonstrated highest interest in a bigger learning. This research points to the necessity to emphasize more the psychological dimension in the formation of the health care practitioners and reaffirms the need to carried through more studies of psychological intervention with injured athletes, in order to be able to demonstrate is potential, to weave considerations and orientations to treatment, promoting and intervention each more efficient in the sport injury rehabilitation process.
Description
Monografia apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau Licenciado em Motricidade Humana
Keywords
Lesão desportiva Processo de reabilitação Dimensão psicológica Profissionais de medicina desportiva Sport injury Rehabilitation process Psychological dimension Sport medicine practitioners