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As intervenções de enfermagem dirigidas aos pacientes que sofrem de luto devido a doenças oncológica: uma scoping review
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Abstract(s)
Introdução | O luto é uma resposta emocional complexa à perda, vivida por indivíduos que perdem um ente querido ou enfrentam a própria perda, como pacientes com doenças oncológicas. Para estes pacientes, o luto pode começar no momento do diagnóstico e continuar durante o tratamento, afetando também familiares e cuidadores. As intervenções de enfermagem são essenciais para oferecer suporte emocional e gerir o luto nesse contexto.
Objetivo | Esta scoping review tem como objetivo mapear a evidência científica disponível relativamente às intervenções de enfermagem no âmbito do processo de luto em contexto de doença oncológica.
Materiais e métodos | Seguiram-se as diretrizes metodológicas do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A pesquisa bibliográfica realiza-se pela busca de artigos científicos na base de dados PubMed®, CINAHL® e WOS® com os seguintes termos: nurse, nursing care, grief e oncology, publicações nos últimos 10 anos, em inglês, espanhol ou português. Conforme o enunciado na questão de revisão que norteia esta scoping review assumem-se como critérios de inclusão: estudos realizados a enfermeiros (P – população), que descrevam intervenções de enfermagem (C – conceito), no âmbito do processo de luto, em contexto de doença oncológica (C – contexto). Seguiu-se o protocolo PRISMA: obtiveram-se 392 artigos, dos quais 6 foram considerados pertinentes para o esclarecimento da questão que funda esta scoping review.
Resultados | O enfermeiro pode influenciar positivamente o ambiente e a resposta adaptativa da família enlutada através de intervenções que manipulam estímulos contextuais. Reconhece-se que o luto é um desafio central para a família, mas pode ser enfrentado com compaixão, presença ativa da enfermeira e escuta acolhedora durante o processo de luto. Isso ajuda a família na reorganização da vida e na adaptação às mudanças decorrentes da perda, reduzindo respostas ineficientes.
Conclusões | Há uma séria oportunidade para a enfermagem melhorar o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida das famílias enlutadas, oferecendo cuidados e suporte. As intervenções contínuas lideradas por enfermeiros resultam em melhores desfechos de saúde mental para os cuidadores: manter uma relação terapêutica ao longo de todo o processo de luto é essencial para beneficiar a longo prazo. Ao mesmo tempo é inquestionável que se impulsiona o conhecimento e a qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem.
Introduction | Grief is a complex emotional response to loss, experienced by individuals who lose a loved one or face their own loss, such as patients with oncological diseases. For these patients, grief can begin at the time of diagnosis and continue during treatment, also affecting family members and caregivers. Nursing interventions are essential to offer emotional support and manage grief in this context. Objective | This scoping review aims to map the available scientific evidence regarding nursing interventions within the grieving process in the context of oncological disease. Materials and methods | The methodological guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) were followed. The bibliographic research is carried out by searching for scientific articles in the PubMed®, CINAHL® and WOS® databases with the following terms: nurse, nursing care, grief and oncology, publications in the last 10 years, in English, Spanish or Portuguese. According to the statement in the review question that guides this scoping review, the inclusion criteria are: studies carried out on nurses (P – population), which describe nursing interventions (C – concept), within the scope of the grieving process, in the context of oncological disease (C – context). The PRISMA protocol was followed: 392 articles were obtained, of which 6 were considered relevant for clarifying the question underlying this scoping review. Results | The nurse can positively influence the environment and the adaptive response of the bereaved family through interventions that manipulate contextual stimuli. It is recognized that grief is a central challenge for the family, but it can be faced with compassion, the nurse's active presence and welcoming listening during the grieving process. This helps the family reorganize their lives and adapt to the changes resulting from the loss, reducing inefficient responses. Conclusions | There is a serious opportunity for nursing to improve the well-being and quality of life of bereaved families by offering care and support. Ongoing nurse-led interventions result in better mental health outcomes for caregivers: maintaining a therapeutic relationship throughout the grieving process is essential for long-term benefit. At the same time, it is unquestionable that knowledge and quality of nursing care are boosted.
Introduction | Grief is a complex emotional response to loss, experienced by individuals who lose a loved one or face their own loss, such as patients with oncological diseases. For these patients, grief can begin at the time of diagnosis and continue during treatment, also affecting family members and caregivers. Nursing interventions are essential to offer emotional support and manage grief in this context. Objective | This scoping review aims to map the available scientific evidence regarding nursing interventions within the grieving process in the context of oncological disease. Materials and methods | The methodological guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) were followed. The bibliographic research is carried out by searching for scientific articles in the PubMed®, CINAHL® and WOS® databases with the following terms: nurse, nursing care, grief and oncology, publications in the last 10 years, in English, Spanish or Portuguese. According to the statement in the review question that guides this scoping review, the inclusion criteria are: studies carried out on nurses (P – population), which describe nursing interventions (C – concept), within the scope of the grieving process, in the context of oncological disease (C – context). The PRISMA protocol was followed: 392 articles were obtained, of which 6 were considered relevant for clarifying the question underlying this scoping review. Results | The nurse can positively influence the environment and the adaptive response of the bereaved family through interventions that manipulate contextual stimuli. It is recognized that grief is a central challenge for the family, but it can be faced with compassion, the nurse's active presence and welcoming listening during the grieving process. This helps the family reorganize their lives and adapt to the changes resulting from the loss, reducing inefficient responses. Conclusions | There is a serious opportunity for nursing to improve the well-being and quality of life of bereaved families by offering care and support. Ongoing nurse-led interventions result in better mental health outcomes for caregivers: maintaining a therapeutic relationship throughout the grieving process is essential for long-term benefit. At the same time, it is unquestionable that knowledge and quality of nursing care are boosted.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Enfermagem
Keywords
Enfermeiros Cuidados de enfermagem Luto Oncologia Nurse Nursing care Grief