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Caracterização do perfil de prescrição de antibióticos na cirurgia dentoalveolar: estudo numa população da UFP
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: As cirurgias dentoalveolares podem apresentar complicações associadas. Frequentemente, os antibióticos são utilizados como uma medida preventiva para evitar tais complicações, resultando em altas taxas de prescrição de antibioterapia. Portanto, é crucial adotar práticas corretas visando retardar o desenvolvimento da resistência antibiótica dos microrganismos.
Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal do tipo observacional realizado nas Clínicas Pedagógicas da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa através da análise das fichas clínicas dos pacientes com pelo menos um procedimento de cirurgia dentoalvelar. Foi estudado o perfil de prescrição antibiótica e complicações pós-operatórias na cirurgia dentoalveolar, em pacientes sem indicação de profilaxia antibiótica. Foi estudada a associação entre prescrição antibiótica e faixa etária, tipo de cirurgia dentoalveolar e complicações pós-operatórias.
Resultados: Foram analisadas 3265 extrações. Antibióticos foram prescritos em 5,5% dos casos, e não houve associação entre princípio ativo e tipo de cirurgia dentoalveolar, sendo a combinação amoxicilina-ácido clavulânico a mais comumente prescrita. A complicação pós-operatória mais frequente foi a dor. Verificou-se uma tendência de prescrição maior de antibióticos em pacientes jovens e em exodontias complicadas.
Conclusão: As taxas de prescrição de antibioterapia e de complicações pós-cirúrgicas estão de acordo com a literatura científica atual. Os princípios ativos mais utilizados foram a amoxicilina e a associação amoxicilina-ácido clavulânico, em concordância com a literatura, pois cobrem quase na totalidade o espetro dos agentes responsáveis pela maioria das infeções odontogénicas.
Introduction: Dentoalveolar surgeries can be associated with complications. Antibiotics are frequently used as a preventive measure to avoid such complications, resulting in high rates of antibiotic prescription. Therefore, it is crucial to adopt appropriate practices to slow down the development of antimicrobial resistance among microorganisms. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pedagogical Clinics of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa. The clinical records of patients who underwent at least one dentoalveolar surgery were analyzed. The prescription profile of antibiotics and postoperative complications in dentoalveolar surgery were studied in patients without an indication for antibiotic prophylaxis. The association between antibiotic prescription, age group, type of dentoalveolar surgery, and postoperative complications was investigated. Results: A total of 3265 extractions were analyzed. Antibiotics were prescribed in 5.5% of cases, and there was no association between the active ingredient and the type of dentoalveolar surgery, with the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination being the most commonly prescribed. The most frequent postoperative complication was pain. There was a tendency to prescribe more antibiotics in young patients and complicated extractions. Conclusion: The rates of antibiotic prescription and postoperative complications align with the current scientific literature. The predominant active compounds employed were amoxicillin and the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination, in concurrence with the literature, as they provide comprehensive coverage against the majority of pathogens involved in odontogenic infections.
Introduction: Dentoalveolar surgeries can be associated with complications. Antibiotics are frequently used as a preventive measure to avoid such complications, resulting in high rates of antibiotic prescription. Therefore, it is crucial to adopt appropriate practices to slow down the development of antimicrobial resistance among microorganisms. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pedagogical Clinics of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa. The clinical records of patients who underwent at least one dentoalveolar surgery were analyzed. The prescription profile of antibiotics and postoperative complications in dentoalveolar surgery were studied in patients without an indication for antibiotic prophylaxis. The association between antibiotic prescription, age group, type of dentoalveolar surgery, and postoperative complications was investigated. Results: A total of 3265 extractions were analyzed. Antibiotics were prescribed in 5.5% of cases, and there was no association between the active ingredient and the type of dentoalveolar surgery, with the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination being the most commonly prescribed. The most frequent postoperative complication was pain. There was a tendency to prescribe more antibiotics in young patients and complicated extractions. Conclusion: The rates of antibiotic prescription and postoperative complications align with the current scientific literature. The predominant active compounds employed were amoxicillin and the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination, in concurrence with the literature, as they provide comprehensive coverage against the majority of pathogens involved in odontogenic infections.
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Keywords
Antibióticos Antibioterapia Extração dentária Complicações pós extração Complicações pós extração Amoxicilina - ácido clavulânico Antibiotics Antibiotic therapy Tooth extraction Post-extraction complications Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid