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Síndrome de Gardner: complicações/manifestações na cavidade oral e relação com a saúde oral
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Abstract(s)
A síndrome de Gardner (SG) é uma doença genética, com transmissão autossómica
dominante, sendo uma variante fenotípica da polipose adenomatosa familiar (PAF). A
PAF manifesta-se pelo desenvolvimento de numerosos adenomas no reto durante a
adolescência, podendo na maioria dos casos e se não forem identificados e tratados
numa fase inicial, conduzir a cancro colorretal.
Esta síndrome apresenta diversas características fenotípicas, entre elas algumas
alterações ao nível da cavidade oral. Deste modo, o médico dentista tem um papel
preponderante na deteção das lesões que podem estar presentes na cavidade oral de
modo a ser possível um diagnóstico precoce da doença.
Algumas manifestações da SG são observadas ao nível dentário. Entre 30 e 75% dos
pacientes com SG apresentam anomalias dentárias incluindo agenesias dentárias, dentes
inclusos, atrasos na erupção dos dentes, cistos dentígeros, odontomas, dentes
supranumerários, fusão das raízes e hipercementose. Existe uma diferença significativa
de presença de problemas dentários entre os pacientes com SG e a população geral.
De modo a reduzir a morbilidade e mortalidade, são usados vários tipos de cirurgia que
visam eliminar o risco de cancro colorretal, preservando as funções anatómicas
vizinhas.
Gardner syndrome (GS) is a genetic disease, with autosomal dominant transmission, being a phenotypic variant of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). FAP is manifested by the development of numerous adenomas in the rectum during adolescence, and in most cases, if not identified and treated at an early stage, lead to colorectal cancer. This syndrome has several phenotypic characteristics and among them some changes in the oral cavity. Thus, the dentist has a preponderant role in the detection of lesions that may be present in the oral cavity in order to make possible an early diagnosis of the disease. Some manifestations of GS are observed at the dental level. Between 30 and 75% of GS patients present dental anomalies including dental agenesis, including teeth, delays in teeth eruption, dentigerous cysts, odontomas, supernumerary teeth, root fusion and hypercementose. It is possible to see a significant difference in the presence of dental problems between patients with GS and the general population. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality, several types of surgery are used to eliminate the risk of colorectal cancer, preserving neighboring anatomical functions.
Gardner syndrome (GS) is a genetic disease, with autosomal dominant transmission, being a phenotypic variant of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). FAP is manifested by the development of numerous adenomas in the rectum during adolescence, and in most cases, if not identified and treated at an early stage, lead to colorectal cancer. This syndrome has several phenotypic characteristics and among them some changes in the oral cavity. Thus, the dentist has a preponderant role in the detection of lesions that may be present in the oral cavity in order to make possible an early diagnosis of the disease. Some manifestations of GS are observed at the dental level. Between 30 and 75% of GS patients present dental anomalies including dental agenesis, including teeth, delays in teeth eruption, dentigerous cysts, odontomas, supernumerary teeth, root fusion and hypercementose. It is possible to see a significant difference in the presence of dental problems between patients with GS and the general population. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality, several types of surgery are used to eliminate the risk of colorectal cancer, preserving neighboring anatomical functions.
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Keywords
Síndrome de Gardner Polipose adenomatosa familiar Cancro colorretal Gene APC Manifestações na cavidade oral Gardner syndrome Familial adenomatous polyposis Colorectal cancer APC gene Manifestations in the oral cavity