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Estilos Educativos Parentais e Padrões de Vinculação Adulta numa amostra de dependentes e não dependentes de álcool
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação debruça-se sobre temáticas que se revestem de alguma importância para a compreensão do desenvolvimento humano, nomeadamente no que às relações interpessoais diz respeito. Deste modo, os estilos educativos parentais e os padrões de vinculação adulta assumem a centralidade neste trabalho. O álcool surge como variável diferenciadora deste processo, no sentido em que exerce influência tanto sobre as práticas educativas, como no estilo de vinculação, destacando-se as suas possíveis ligações e interações. Partindo deste enquadramento, esta investigação tem como objetivo principal determinar se numa amostra de dependentes de álcool e não dependentes, as práticas parentais de que foram alvo na infância e juventude, influenciaram os padrões de vinculação que se manifestam na idade adulta.
O estudo que dá corpo à parte prática desta tese é de índole quantitativa, assumindo um formato exploratório e descritivo. A amostra foi constituída por 221 participantes, que se dividiram em dois grupos que se diferenciam no que à dependência de álcool diz respeito (grupo de dependentes de álcool e grupo de não dependentes de álcool). O grupo de dependentes de álcool foi constituído por 110 sujeitos utentes da Unidade de Alcoologia do Porto – Dr. José Barrias e encontravam-se em tratamento no momento da recolha dos dados. O grupo dos não dependentes de álcool foi constituído por 111 participantes que se encontravam em acompanhamento clínico (Psicologia, Clínica Geral, etc.) em clínicas privadas sem nunca terem apresentado consumos problemáticos de álcool ou outro tipo de substâncias. Os instrumentos aplicados foram os seguintes: Ficha de Identificação, Escala de Memórias de Infância (EMBU) e a Escala de Vinculação do Adulto (EVA) ambos traduzidos, aferidos e validados pela autora Maria Cristina Canavarro.
Os resultados realçam a evidência de diferenças entre o grupo de dependentes e não dependentes relativamente às práticas educativas parentais e ao estabelecimento de relações de vinculação na fase adulta, mas também apontam para a necessidade de uma investigação mais profunda relativamente a outros fatores que possam interferir com estas variáveis.
This dissertation focuses on issues that have some importance for the understanding of human development, especially as far as interpersonal relationships are concerned. Therefore, parental educational styles and adult attachment patterns assume the pith of this work. The alcohol is the differentiating variable of this process, as it influences the educational practices as well as the attachment style, highlighting their possible connections and interactions. Based on this guideline, this research aims to determine whether a sample of alcohol-dependants and non-dependants, the parenting practices from which they were targeted in childhood and youth influenced the attachment patterns that are manifested in adulthood. The study that embodies the practical part of this thesis is quantitative in nature, taking an exploratory and descriptive format. The sample was formed by 221 participants, who were divided into two groups that differ as far as alcohol dependence is concerned (the alcohol dependent group and the alcohol non-dependent group). The alcohol dependent group consisted of 110 subjects, users of Unidade de Alcoologia do Porto - Dr. José Barrias and they were in treatment at the moment of the data collection. The group of non-alcoholic dependents was formed by 111 participants, who were in clinical follow-up (Psychology, General Medicine, etc.) in private clinics without ever having presented problematic consumption of alcohol or other substances. The instruments used were as follows: Identification Form, Childhood Memories Scale (EMBU) and the Adult Attachment Scale (EVA), both translated, checked and validated by the author Maria Cristina Canavarro. The results stress the evidence of differences between the groups of dependents and the non-dependents regarding the parental educational practices and the establishment of attachment relationships in adulthood, but they also point to the need for a deeper investigation related to other factors that may interfere with these variables.
This dissertation focuses on issues that have some importance for the understanding of human development, especially as far as interpersonal relationships are concerned. Therefore, parental educational styles and adult attachment patterns assume the pith of this work. The alcohol is the differentiating variable of this process, as it influences the educational practices as well as the attachment style, highlighting their possible connections and interactions. Based on this guideline, this research aims to determine whether a sample of alcohol-dependants and non-dependants, the parenting practices from which they were targeted in childhood and youth influenced the attachment patterns that are manifested in adulthood. The study that embodies the practical part of this thesis is quantitative in nature, taking an exploratory and descriptive format. The sample was formed by 221 participants, who were divided into two groups that differ as far as alcohol dependence is concerned (the alcohol dependent group and the alcohol non-dependent group). The alcohol dependent group consisted of 110 subjects, users of Unidade de Alcoologia do Porto - Dr. José Barrias and they were in treatment at the moment of the data collection. The group of non-alcoholic dependents was formed by 111 participants, who were in clinical follow-up (Psychology, General Medicine, etc.) in private clinics without ever having presented problematic consumption of alcohol or other substances. The instruments used were as follows: Identification Form, Childhood Memories Scale (EMBU) and the Adult Attachment Scale (EVA), both translated, checked and validated by the author Maria Cristina Canavarro. The results stress the evidence of differences between the groups of dependents and the non-dependents regarding the parental educational practices and the establishment of attachment relationships in adulthood, but they also point to the need for a deeper investigation related to other factors that may interfere with these variables.
Description
Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Sociais, especialidade em Psicologia
Keywords
Álcool Alcoolismo Família Conjugalidade Satisfação Conjugal Práticas Educativas Parentais Vinculação Adulta Alcohol Alcoholism Family Conjugality Conjugal Satisfaction Parental Educational Practices Adult Attachment