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O papel do enfermeiro na avaliação e intervenção junto da pessoa com perturbação afetiva sazonal: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PG_31581 | 548.04 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A Perturbação Afetiva Sazonal (PAS) é caracterizada pelo aparecimento e remissão de um episódio depressivo major em alturas específicas do ano, ou seja, apresenta um padrão sazonal. Além disso, é uma perturbação recorrente e cujos sintomas depressivos afetam substancialmente vida profissional e familiar da pessoa com PAS, sendo, portanto, um sério problema de saúde mental.
Não obstante, a literatura mostra algumas lacunas quanto ao contributo que a Enfermagem pode oferecer a estas pessoas. Não foi encontrado qualquer trabalho científico que reúna informação acerca do papel do enfermeiro na avaliação e intervenção junto da pessoa com Perturbação Afetiva Sazonal.
Posto isto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é a sumarização de toda a informação coletada ao nível da avaliação e da intervenção de Enfermagem junto da pessoa com a perturbação em estudo.
O trabalho segue o método de revisão integrativa, com recurso a pesquisa realizada nas bases de dados Academic Research Complete (ARC), CINAHL, MEDLINE e Web of Science Core Collection, e verificação das referências bibliográficas dos primeiros estudos. Os termos utilizados na pesquisa foram (“seasonal affective disorder” OR “seasonal depression” OR “winter depression” OR “winter blues”) AND (“nurs*”).
Foram incluídos estudos nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, e não houve restrição temporal.
O processo de extração de dados seguiu um modelo adaptado de Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), com autor e ano, título, desenho metodológico, objetivo e resultados extraídos da fonte de evidência relacionados com o objetivo desta investigação.
Os resultados mostram que ao nível da avaliação o enfermeiro pode ter o papel de identificar alterações de humor, coping e funcionamento interpessoal, identificar sintomas depressivos e considerar a sazonalidade destes, descrever episódio depressivo, fatores causais e histórico de ocorrências, implementar meios de rastreio à perturbação em questão e ideação suicida, e guiar a avaliação para a segunda etapa do processo de Enfermagem (identificação de diagnósticos de Enfermagem). Já ao nível da intervenção, o enfermeiro pode incentivar estilos de vida saudáveis, propor e/ou implementar mudanças no estilo de vida e estratégias para gestão dos sintomas de PAS, ensinar sobre a Perturbação Afetiva Sazonal, a relação entre luz e depressão e os benefícios da luz solar, instruir sobre os sintomas mais comuns e tratamentos desta perturbação, monitorizar e instruir sobre a monitorização de sintomas (no pré, durante e pós tratamento), recomendar fototerapia, auxiliar na elaboração de um horário de tratamento adequado ao estilo de vida do utente, realizar intervenções farmacológicas para tratar a sintomatologia depressiva e, por fim, encaminhar o utente com suspeita ou diagnóstico prévio de PAS para outros profissionais de saúde de modo a garantir um tratamento holístico e multidisciplinar.
Os resultados obtidos devem, contudo, ser interpretados com prudência, uma vez que os estudos apresentam baixo nível de evidência, mostrando a necessitando de uma maior produção de estudos que relacionem Enfermagem e PAS.
Propõem-se como sugestões para estudos futuros a avaliação da eficácia das estratégias de gestão de sintomas da perturbação, bem como, a investigação da presença dos diagnósticos de Enfermagem em pessoa com PAS e seus fatores correlacionais.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is characterized by the onset and remission of a major depressive episode at specific times of the year, i.e., it has a seasonal pattern. Moreover, it is a recurrent disorder whose depressive symptoms substantially affect the professional and family life of the person with SAD and is therefore a serious mental health problem. Nevertheless, the literature shows some gaps as to the contribution that Nursing can offer to these people. No scientific work was found that gathers information about the role of nurses in the assessment and intervention with the person with Seasonal Affective Disorder. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to summarise all the information collected on the Nursing assessment and intervention with the person with the disorder under study. The work follows the integrative review method, using research carried out in the Academic Research Complete (ARC), CINAHL, MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collection databases, and checking the bibliographic references of the first studies. The terms used in the search were ("seasonal affective disorder" OR "seasonal depression" OR "winter depression" OR "winter blues") AND ("nurs*"). Studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish were included, and there was no time restriction. The data extraction process followed a model adapted from Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), with author and year, title, methodological design, objective and results extracted from the source of evidence related to the objective of this research. The results show that at the assessment level, nurses may play the role of identifying changes in mood, coping and interpersonal functioning, identifying depressive symptoms and considering their seasonality, describing the depressive episode, causal factors and history of occurrences, implementing screening methods for the disorder in question and suicidal ideation, and guiding the assessment to the second step of the Nursing process (identification of Nursing diagnoses). At the intervention level, the nurse can encourage healthy lifestyles, propose and/or implement lifestyle changes and strategies to manage SAD symptoms, teach about Seasonal Affective Disorder, the relationship between light and depression and the benefits of sunlight, instruct on the most common symptoms and treatments of this disorder, monitor and instruct on symptom monitoring (pre, during and after treatment), recommend phototherapy, assist in developing a treatment schedule that fits the user's lifestyle, perform pharmacological interventions to treat depressive symptomatology, and finally, refer the user with a suspected or previously diagnosed SAD to other health professionals to ensure a holistic and multidisciplinary treatment. However, the results obtained should be interpreted with caution, since the studies have a low level of evidence, showing the need for a greater production of studies on the relationship between Nursing and SAD. Suggestions for future studies include assessing the effectiveness of symptom management strategies for the disorder, as well as investigating the presence of Nursing diagnoses in people with SAD and their correlational factors.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is characterized by the onset and remission of a major depressive episode at specific times of the year, i.e., it has a seasonal pattern. Moreover, it is a recurrent disorder whose depressive symptoms substantially affect the professional and family life of the person with SAD and is therefore a serious mental health problem. Nevertheless, the literature shows some gaps as to the contribution that Nursing can offer to these people. No scientific work was found that gathers information about the role of nurses in the assessment and intervention with the person with Seasonal Affective Disorder. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to summarise all the information collected on the Nursing assessment and intervention with the person with the disorder under study. The work follows the integrative review method, using research carried out in the Academic Research Complete (ARC), CINAHL, MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collection databases, and checking the bibliographic references of the first studies. The terms used in the search were ("seasonal affective disorder" OR "seasonal depression" OR "winter depression" OR "winter blues") AND ("nurs*"). Studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish were included, and there was no time restriction. The data extraction process followed a model adapted from Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), with author and year, title, methodological design, objective and results extracted from the source of evidence related to the objective of this research. The results show that at the assessment level, nurses may play the role of identifying changes in mood, coping and interpersonal functioning, identifying depressive symptoms and considering their seasonality, describing the depressive episode, causal factors and history of occurrences, implementing screening methods for the disorder in question and suicidal ideation, and guiding the assessment to the second step of the Nursing process (identification of Nursing diagnoses). At the intervention level, the nurse can encourage healthy lifestyles, propose and/or implement lifestyle changes and strategies to manage SAD symptoms, teach about Seasonal Affective Disorder, the relationship between light and depression and the benefits of sunlight, instruct on the most common symptoms and treatments of this disorder, monitor and instruct on symptom monitoring (pre, during and after treatment), recommend phototherapy, assist in developing a treatment schedule that fits the user's lifestyle, perform pharmacological interventions to treat depressive symptomatology, and finally, refer the user with a suspected or previously diagnosed SAD to other health professionals to ensure a holistic and multidisciplinary treatment. However, the results obtained should be interpreted with caution, since the studies have a low level of evidence, showing the need for a greater production of studies on the relationship between Nursing and SAD. Suggestions for future studies include assessing the effectiveness of symptom management strategies for the disorder, as well as investigating the presence of Nursing diagnoses in people with SAD and their correlational factors.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Enfermagem
Keywords
Perturbação afetiva sazonal Depressão sazonal Depressão de inverno Enfermagem Enfermeiro Seasonal affective disorder Seasonal depression Winter depression Nursing Nurse