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Reacções de hipersensibilidade aos implantes dentários de titânio: revisão narrativa
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_39141 | 279.65 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O titânio e as suas ligas são largamente utilizados em implantologia, para restaurar, ou
mesmo, para substituir a função em doentes desdentados parciais ou totais. Devido à sua
biocompatibilidade, o titânio tornou-se o biomaterial de eleição para implantes
dentários, especialmente em indivíduos sensíveis a metais. Contudo, as partículas
libertadas das superfícies dos implantes, podem despoletar uma reação de
hipersensibilidade. O objectivo deste trabalho foi, realizar uma revisão da literatura,
sobre os mecanismos que envolvem as reacções de hipersensibilidade aos implantes
dentários de titânio, as alterações que podem comprometer sua longevidade e as
medidas preventivas à hipersensibilidade. Constatou-se que, tipicamente, a sensibilidade
ao titânio é caracterizada por uma reação de hipersensibilidade do tipo IV, induzindo
uma resposta inflamatória que pode levar a danos aos tecidos circundantes, e,
eventualmente, a perda asséptica do implante, podendo afectar o prognóstico destes.
Pacientes com histórico de alergia devem realizar previamente um teste adesivo.
Titanium and its alloys are broadly used in implantology, to restore, or even to replace function in partial or total edentulous patients. Due to its biocompatibility, titanium has become the biomaterial of choice for dental implants, especially in metal-sensitive individuals. However, particles released from implant surfaces can trigger a hypersensitivity reaction. The aim of this work was to carry out a literature review on the mechanisms that involve hypersensitivity reactions to titanium dental implants, changes that may compromise their longevity and preventive measures against hypersensitivity. It was found that, typically, sensitivity to titanium is characterized by a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, inducing an inflammatory response that can lead to damage on the surrounding tissues, and, eventually, aseptic loss of the implant, which can affect the prognosis of these subjects. Patients with a history of allergy must previously perform a patch test in advance.
Titanium and its alloys are broadly used in implantology, to restore, or even to replace function in partial or total edentulous patients. Due to its biocompatibility, titanium has become the biomaterial of choice for dental implants, especially in metal-sensitive individuals. However, particles released from implant surfaces can trigger a hypersensitivity reaction. The aim of this work was to carry out a literature review on the mechanisms that involve hypersensitivity reactions to titanium dental implants, changes that may compromise their longevity and preventive measures against hypersensitivity. It was found that, typically, sensitivity to titanium is characterized by a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, inducing an inflammatory response that can lead to damage on the surrounding tissues, and, eventually, aseptic loss of the implant, which can affect the prognosis of these subjects. Patients with a history of allergy must previously perform a patch test in advance.
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Keywords
Hipersensibilidade Titânio Implantes dentários Hypersensitivity Titanium Dental implants