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Causas genéticas e ambientais da hipoplasia do esmalte: revisão narrativa
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Abstract(s)
A hipoplasia do esmalte (HE) é um defeito parcial ou completo do esmalte, associado a um distúrbio da fase secretora da amelogénese. Esta condição é identificada visualmente por uma redução localizada na espessura do esmalte apresentando limites regulares com esmalte saudável, que está presente antes da erupção do dente. Esta patologia aumenta o risco de cáries e danos dentários que geralmente ocorrem em fossas, sulcos ou linhas dentro do dente.
Para além das fossas e sulcos nos dentes, os sinais e sintomas da HE também incluem manchas castanhas-amareladas que se desenvolvem sob a camada de dentina exposta. Na vida quotidiana, estes pacientes podem sentir dor ao consumir alimentos ou bebidas devido à maior sensibilidade ao frio ou ao calor. O maior impacto no dia a dia é não sorrir por causa da aparência dos dentes, o que pode afetar negativamente a autoconfiança do indivíduo.
As opções de tratamento são baseadas em muitos fatores, como a gravidade da condição, idade do paciente e localização da hipoplasia. Pode ser utilizada uma restauração em compósito, uma coroa, um branqueamento e nos casos mais severos a extração dentária.
O principal objetivo desta revisão narrativa é relembrar os fatores etiológicos, o diagnóstico, as características clínicas da hipoplasia dentária para melhor compreender a sua origem.
Enamel hypoplasia (EH) is a partial or complete defect of enamel associated with a disorder of the secretory phase of amelogenesis. This condition is visually identified by a localized reduction in enamel thickness, showing regular boundaries with healthy enamel, that is present before tooth eruption. This pathology increases the risk of caries and dental damage that usually occur in pits, grooves or lines inside the tooth. Besides pits and grooves in the teeth, signs and symptoms of EH also include yellowish- brown spots that develop under the exposed dentin layer. In everyday life, patients may experience pain when consuming food or drinks due to their higher sensibility to cold or heat. The biggest impact in everyday life is not smiling because of the way teeth look, which can affect negatively the self-confidence of the individual. Treatment options are based on many factors, such as the severity of the condition, age of the patient, and location of the hypoplasia. A composite restoration, a crown, a bleaching and in the most severe cases a tooth extraction can be performed. The main objective of this narrative review is to recall the etiological factors, the diagnosis, the clinical features of dental hypoplasia to better understand its origin.
Enamel hypoplasia (EH) is a partial or complete defect of enamel associated with a disorder of the secretory phase of amelogenesis. This condition is visually identified by a localized reduction in enamel thickness, showing regular boundaries with healthy enamel, that is present before tooth eruption. This pathology increases the risk of caries and dental damage that usually occur in pits, grooves or lines inside the tooth. Besides pits and grooves in the teeth, signs and symptoms of EH also include yellowish- brown spots that develop under the exposed dentin layer. In everyday life, patients may experience pain when consuming food or drinks due to their higher sensibility to cold or heat. The biggest impact in everyday life is not smiling because of the way teeth look, which can affect negatively the self-confidence of the individual. Treatment options are based on many factors, such as the severity of the condition, age of the patient, and location of the hypoplasia. A composite restoration, a crown, a bleaching and in the most severe cases a tooth extraction can be performed. The main objective of this narrative review is to recall the etiological factors, the diagnosis, the clinical features of dental hypoplasia to better understand its origin.
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Keywords
Hipoplasia do esmalte Esmalte Amelogénese Manchas Fatores genéticos Fatores ambientais Etiologia Enamel hypoplasia Enamel Amelogenesis Stains Genetic factors Environmental factors Etiology