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Doença granulomatosa orofacial associada a Doença de Crohn – uma revisão narrativa
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Abstract(s)
A Doença de Crohn (DC) é uma doença inflamatória intestinal crónica, autoimune e de
etiologia complexa. Crê-se que a DC é sustentada por uma resposta imunológica anómala e
resulta da interligação entre fatores ambientais e genéticos. Apresenta um quadro clínico que
inclui alterações intestinais e extra-intestinais. Esta tese foca-se sobre uma classe de
manifestações extra-intestinais da DC, as manifestações orais. As lesões orais são variadas e
podem afetar diferentes zonas da cavidade oral, como por exemplo a gengiva, os lábios e a
mucosa.
Dentro da ampla gama de possíveis manifestações orais da Doença de Crohn encontra-se a
Doença Granulomatosa Orofacial (DGO). No entanto, a DGO pode também resultar de outras
patologias inflamatórias sistémicas e até de outros fatores, como alterações imunológicas,
infeções microbianas e hipersensibilidade alimentar ou a materiais dentários.
Com base na sintomatologia apresentada, poderá ser necessária a realização de variados
exames para esclarecer a etiologia da DGO, nomeadamente, a sua possível associação com
DC.
No que diz respeito à terapia médica, atualmente, o grande objetivo é direcionar a mesma para
o controlo do processo inflamatório e a melhoria da qualidade vida.
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, as well as an autoimmune disorder with a complex aetiology. CD is believed to result from an abnormal immune response that emerges from the interplay of environmental and genetic risk factors. It presents a clinical picture which includes intestinal and extra-intestinal alterations. This thesis analyses one type of extraintestinal CD manifestations - oral manifestations. Oral lesions are varied and may affect different areas of the oral cavity, such as the gingiva, lips and mucosa. Within the wide range of possible oral manifestations of CD is the Orofacial Granulomatosis Disease (OFG). However, OFG can also derive from other systemic inflammatory conditions and even other factors, such as immunological alterations, microbial infections and food hypersensitivity or hypersensitivity to dental materials. Based on the provided symptomatology, a wide range of clinical and imagiological exams may be necessary to clarify the aetiology of OFG, namely, its possible association with CD. With regard to medical therapy, currently, the main aim is to focus on controlling the inflammatory process and improving the quality of life.
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, as well as an autoimmune disorder with a complex aetiology. CD is believed to result from an abnormal immune response that emerges from the interplay of environmental and genetic risk factors. It presents a clinical picture which includes intestinal and extra-intestinal alterations. This thesis analyses one type of extraintestinal CD manifestations - oral manifestations. Oral lesions are varied and may affect different areas of the oral cavity, such as the gingiva, lips and mucosa. Within the wide range of possible oral manifestations of CD is the Orofacial Granulomatosis Disease (OFG). However, OFG can also derive from other systemic inflammatory conditions and even other factors, such as immunological alterations, microbial infections and food hypersensitivity or hypersensitivity to dental materials. Based on the provided symptomatology, a wide range of clinical and imagiological exams may be necessary to clarify the aetiology of OFG, namely, its possible association with CD. With regard to medical therapy, currently, the main aim is to focus on controlling the inflammatory process and improving the quality of life.
Description
Keywords
Doença de Crohn Doença granulomatosa orofacial Inflamação oral Patologia oral Crohn’s disease Orofacial granulomatosis disease Oral inflammation Oral pathology