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Modelo de infeção do HPV na orofaringe: revisão narrativa
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O Vírus do Papiloma Humano (HPV), vírus comummente associado ao carcinoma cervical, também infeta as células basais do epitélio estratificado da orofaringe e está associado, etiologicamente, ao Cancro de Células Escamosas da Cabeça e Pescoço. A infeção oral por HPV, nomeadamente pelo HPV-16 e 18, apresenta fatores de risco clássicos, como o tabaco e o álcool, assim como a sua incidência varia de acordo com o comportamento sexual dos indivíduos infetados.
A infeção por HPV na orofaringe apresenta um curso muito próprio, não só pelo local anatómico afetado, mas pelo facto de um número elevado de indivíduos com tumores HPV+ em estágio inicial serem assintomáticos.
O Carcinoma de Células Escamosas da Orofaringe, quando associado à infeção por HPV, tem melhor prognóstico, apesar do modelo de infeção ser pouco conhecido. É de elevada importância não só o seu estudo, como também a análise da prevenção que poderá ser realizada pelo médico dentista.
The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), a virus commonly associated to cervical carcinoma, also infects the basal cells of the stratified epithelium of the oropharynx and is etiologically associated to Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck. Oral infection by HPV, namely by HPV-16 and 18, presents classic risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol and its incidence vary according to the sexual behaviour of the infected individuals. HPV infection in the oropharynx has a very specific course not only because of the anatomical site affected, but also because a high number of individuals with early-stage HPV+ tumours are asymptomatic. Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma when associated with HPV infection has a better prognosis although the model of infection is not well known. It is very important not only to study it but also to analyze the prevention that may be carried out by the dentist.
The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), a virus commonly associated to cervical carcinoma, also infects the basal cells of the stratified epithelium of the oropharynx and is etiologically associated to Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck. Oral infection by HPV, namely by HPV-16 and 18, presents classic risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol and its incidence vary according to the sexual behaviour of the infected individuals. HPV infection in the oropharynx has a very specific course not only because of the anatomical site affected, but also because a high number of individuals with early-stage HPV+ tumours are asymptomatic. Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma when associated with HPV infection has a better prognosis although the model of infection is not well known. It is very important not only to study it but also to analyze the prevention that may be carried out by the dentist.
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Keywords
Infeção por HPV Cancro orofaríngeo Infeção orofaringe HPV na orofaringe HPV infection Oropharyngeal cancer Oropharyngeal infection HPV in the oropharynx