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O impacto da microbiota oral no desenvolvimento de cancro oral
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_38811 | 352.91 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, estima-se que haja 657.000 novos casos de cancro
oral e faringe a cada ano, e mais de 330.000 mortes a nível mundial. Além dos fatores de risco
físicos e químicos para o cancro oral existem os cancerígenos biológicos, nomeadamente, os
microorganismos que interagem com o organismo humano compondo a microbiota. O objectivo
deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa sobre as bactérias orais
potencialmente oncogénicas juntamente com os possíveis mecanismos de sua ação na
carcinogénese do cancro oral.
Os estudos relatados nesta revisão, em sua maioria, sugerem que há cada vez mais evidências de
que a microbiota pode ter um papel no desenvolvimento do cancro oral, sendo que o carcinoma
de células escamosas oral é a neoplasia mais conhecida da epiderme da cavidade oral. A disbiose
presente nas diversas infecções orais aparentemente possui grande impacto nesta relação. O
microambiente modificado e a quantidade aumentada de bactérias patogénicas favorecem que
haja condições para o desenvolvimento tumoral e pode potencializar sua progressão e
malignidade. A ação das bactérias orais como causadoras de inflamação crónica, sua atividade
anti-apoptótica e produção de substâncias carcinogénicas, são alguns dos temas alvo dos estudos
atuais. Embora mais estudos sejam necessários para analisar as diversas variáveis e
heterogeneidades entre os estudos, os avanços moleculares e a monitorização adicional da
microbiota aumentarão nossa compreensão do seu papel na carcinogénese e abrirão novas
perspetivas para futuras modalidades terapêuticas e profiláticas. Desta forma, o papel do médico
dentista se mostra fundamental na manutenção da homeostasia do ambiente bucal, encontrando
meios para que a informação e métodos de prevenção obtenham máximo alcance.
According to the World Health Organization, there are an estimated 657,000 new cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer each year, and more than 330,000 deaths worldwide. In addition to the physical and chemical risk factors for oral cancer, there are biological carcinogens, namely, microorganisms that interact with the human organism composing the microbiota. The object of this paper is to carry out a narrative bibliographic review about the potentially oncogenic oral bacteria along with the possible mechanisms of their action in oral cancer carcinogenesis. Most of the studies reported in this review suggest that there is increasing evidence that microbiota may play a role in the development of oral cancer, with oral squamous cell carcinoma being the most well-known neoplasm of the oral cavity epidermis. The dysbiosis present in the various oral infections apparently has a great impact on this relationship. The modified microenvironment and the increased amount of pathogenic bacteria favor conditions for tumor development and may potentiate its progression and malignancy. The action of oral bacteria as causes of chronic inflammation, their anti-apoptotic activity and production of carcinogenic substances, are some of the target subjects of current studies. Although further studies are needed to analyze the various variables and heterogeneities between studies, molecular advances and additional microbiota monitoring will increase our understanding of its role in carcinogenesis and open new perspectives for future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities. Thus, the role of the dentist is fundamental in maintaining homeostasis of the oral environment, finding ways for the information and prevention methods to reach maximum reach.
According to the World Health Organization, there are an estimated 657,000 new cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer each year, and more than 330,000 deaths worldwide. In addition to the physical and chemical risk factors for oral cancer, there are biological carcinogens, namely, microorganisms that interact with the human organism composing the microbiota. The object of this paper is to carry out a narrative bibliographic review about the potentially oncogenic oral bacteria along with the possible mechanisms of their action in oral cancer carcinogenesis. Most of the studies reported in this review suggest that there is increasing evidence that microbiota may play a role in the development of oral cancer, with oral squamous cell carcinoma being the most well-known neoplasm of the oral cavity epidermis. The dysbiosis present in the various oral infections apparently has a great impact on this relationship. The modified microenvironment and the increased amount of pathogenic bacteria favor conditions for tumor development and may potentiate its progression and malignancy. The action of oral bacteria as causes of chronic inflammation, their anti-apoptotic activity and production of carcinogenic substances, are some of the target subjects of current studies. Although further studies are needed to analyze the various variables and heterogeneities between studies, molecular advances and additional microbiota monitoring will increase our understanding of its role in carcinogenesis and open new perspectives for future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities. Thus, the role of the dentist is fundamental in maintaining homeostasis of the oral environment, finding ways for the information and prevention methods to reach maximum reach.
Description
Keywords
Microbiota oral Cancro oral Microbioma oral Inflamação crónica Atividade anti-apoptótica Substâncias carcinogénicas Oral microbiota Oral cancer Oral microbiome Chronic inflammation Anti-apoptotic activity Carcinogenic substances