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Lost votes or imperfect representative democracy?

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datacite.subject.fosCiências Sociais::Direito
datacite.subject.fosCiências Sociais::Ciências Políticas
datacite.subject.sdg16:Paz, Justiça e Instituições Eficazes
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho Campina, Ana Cláudia
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Carlos Augusto
dc.contributor.editorCampina, Ana
dc.contributor.editorBrito, Paulo de
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-17T10:29:58Z
dc.date.available2026-09-17T10:29:58Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractAccording to Portuguese legal order and as stated in the last Report of Freedom House 2024, Portugal is “a stable parliamentary democracy with a multiparty political system”, reinforcing that “civil liberties are generally protected.” However, across all the elections during the democratic regime along the last 50 year, there is a kind of dictatorship of the big parties in Portuguese democracy due the useless votes in each election. The principal reason is due the Hondt Method that presents different disadvantages, mainly linked to smaller parties and constituencies and the representativeness of constituencies. Hondt, the most used electoral method applied in the world, is a mathematic model that convert votes to mandates however the small parties and electorates representation are seriously affected, being translated in proportional application but not proportionally. In March 2024 from the Legislatives Elections there were 673.382 valid votes that didn´t elected representatives, what is serious and should be studied for legal and political re-action, “Democracy in the world” Report 2023 state that “Portugal fell from liberal to electoral democracy” but it is not a full democracy. The Portuguese Electoral Law for the Portuguese Assembly needs changes, probably with Compensatory constituencies protecting small parties and valuating all electors.eng
dc.identifier.citationCampina, A., & Rodrigues, C. (2026). Lost votes or imperfect representative democracy? In A. Campina & P. de Brito (Eds.), Researching legal futures: Towards transdisciplinary perspectives on rights, technology, and global change (pp. 106–125). ADJURIS – International Academic Publisher. 10.62768/ADJURIS/2026/6
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.62768/ADJURIS/2026/6
dc.identifier.isbn978-630-6743-10-0
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10284/15656
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedn/a
dc.publisherADJURIS – International Academic Publisher
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://adjuris.ro/researching-legal-futures-towards-transdisciplinary-perspectives-on-rights-technology-and-global-change/
dc.rights.uriN/A
dc.subjectHuman rights
dc.subjectDemocracy
dc.subjectElections
dc.subjectElectoral law
dc.subjectPolitical science
dc.subjectPortugal
dc.titleLost votes or imperfect representative democracy?eng
dc.typebook part
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage125
oaire.citation.startPage106
oaire.citation.titleResearching legal futures: towards transdisciplinary perspectives on rights, technology, and global change. Contributions to the 1st World Conference – International Observatory for Law and Transdisciplinarity
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCarvalho Campina
person.familyNameRodrigues
person.givenNameAna Cláudia
person.givenNameCarlos Augusto
person.identifierB-8818-2015
person.identifier.ciencia-id2D15-218E-03C2
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0820-1280
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0966-6274
relation.isAuthorOfPublication20ba3304-11ee-4ed4-ba18-372f30ae96a5
relation.isAuthorOfPublication09d7d953-1da1-4018-b3b8-f1872945cd51
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery09d7d953-1da1-4018-b3b8-f1872945cd51

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