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Publication
O paciente com trissomia 21: caracterĂsticas dento-maxilo-faciais e modalidades terapĂȘuticas
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A SĂndrome de Down, tambĂ©m conhecida como Trissomia 21, representa a anomalia
cromossómica mais comum da espécie humana. Caracteriza-se por um conjunto
clĂĄssico de sinais e sintomas que afetam o desenvolvimento neuromotor e cognitivo.
O diagnĂłstico da SĂndrome de Down baseia-se numa sĂ©rie de sinais e sintomas, sendo a
sua confirmação estabelecida através do estudo cromossómico. Nem toda a população
afetada apresenta as mesmas caracterĂsticas, sendo necessĂĄrio uma identificação do
cariĂłtipo para um diagnĂłstico definitivo. Embora apresentando diferentes graus de
severidade assim como inicio de manifestação dos primeiros sintomas em diferentes
alturas, toda a população com SD apresenta morfismo caracterĂstico da face e do
sistema esquelĂ©tico, alteraçÔes do SNC e inĂcio precoce da doença de Alzheimer.
As caracterĂsticas dento-maxilo-faciais afetam o normal funcionamento do sistema
estomatognĂĄtico. A maioria possui um padrĂŁo braquifacial com um desenvolvimento
mandibular no sentido anti-horĂĄrio e manifesta mĂĄ-oclusĂŁo sob uma vasta etiologia.
Consequentemente ocorrem alteraçÔes a nĂvel da estĂ©tica, postura, mastigação,
respiração e fonação. Apresentam inclusive um controlo de placa ineficaz e pobre
higienização oral, sendo os procedimentos de prevenção importantes.
A Ortodontia tem um papel de relevo no tratamento das må-oclusÔes que contribuem
para as limitaçÔes do paciente. Ressalte-se a importùncia da sensibilização dos
familiares para a necessidade de higienização bucal destes pacientes, bem como o
conhecimento pelo médico dentista acerca das principais manifestaçÔes bucais que
acometem os pacientes portadores, para que o tratamento adequado seja oferecido e a
qualidade de vida desses indivĂduos preservada.
Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, represents the most common chromosomal abnormality of the human species. It is characterized by a classic set of signs and symptoms that affect the neuromotor and cognitive development. The diagnosis of Down syndrome is based on a series of signs and symptoms, being its confirmation established by chromosomic studying. Not all the affected population presents the same characteristics, requiring an identification of the karyotype for a definitive diagnosis. Although, presenting different degrees of severity as well as a new manifestation of the first symptoms at different heights, all population with DS features characteristic dimorphism of the face and the skeletal system, CNS changes and early onset of Alzheimer's disease. The dento-maxillofacial characteristics affect the normal operation of the stomatognathic system. Most of them have a braquifacial pattern with mandibular counterclockwise development and malocclusion, due to a vast etiology. Consequently, changes occur in terms of aesthetics, chewing posture, breathing and phonation. Features include an ineffective plaque control and poor oral hygiene, being important prevention procedures. Orthodontics has a major role in removal of occlusal features that contribute to the limitations of these patients. One must highlight the importance of family awareness to the need for oral hygiene of these patients, as well as the knowledge by the dentist on the main oral manifestations that affect the patients, so that adequate treatment is offered and the quality of life of these individuals.
Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, represents the most common chromosomal abnormality of the human species. It is characterized by a classic set of signs and symptoms that affect the neuromotor and cognitive development. The diagnosis of Down syndrome is based on a series of signs and symptoms, being its confirmation established by chromosomic studying. Not all the affected population presents the same characteristics, requiring an identification of the karyotype for a definitive diagnosis. Although, presenting different degrees of severity as well as a new manifestation of the first symptoms at different heights, all population with DS features characteristic dimorphism of the face and the skeletal system, CNS changes and early onset of Alzheimer's disease. The dento-maxillofacial characteristics affect the normal operation of the stomatognathic system. Most of them have a braquifacial pattern with mandibular counterclockwise development and malocclusion, due to a vast etiology. Consequently, changes occur in terms of aesthetics, chewing posture, breathing and phonation. Features include an ineffective plaque control and poor oral hygiene, being important prevention procedures. Orthodontics has a major role in removal of occlusal features that contribute to the limitations of these patients. One must highlight the importance of family awareness to the need for oral hygiene of these patients, as well as the knowledge by the dentist on the main oral manifestations that affect the patients, so that adequate treatment is offered and the quality of life of these individuals.