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Workshop: Rethinking the 'water' in water resistance therapy: electroglottographic, aerodynamic and acoustic effects of phonation through non-newtonian fluids with distinct rheological properties
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Introduction: Water Resistance Therapy (WRT) is a well-established semi-occluded vocal tract exercise in which phonation is performed through a tube submerged in water. While the therapeutic effects of WRT have been extensively studied, the properties of the liquid medium itself have received comparatively little attention. Most protocols default to water, a Newtonian fluid with constant viscosity, yet the mechanical resistance experienced during phonation is inherently dependent on the rheological properties of the fluid. Non-Newtonian fluids may offer distinct and potentially modulable resistance profiles, opening new avenues for understanding and refining WRT.
Objectives: This hands-on workshop aims to: (1) introduce participants to basic rheological concepts relevant to voice therapy; (2) allow participants to experience phonation through fluids with distinct rheological properties, including Newtonian (water), shear-thinning, and shear-thickening solutions; and (3) demonstrate real-time physiological and acoustic monitoring during WRT with different fluids.
Methods: Participants will perform sustained vowel phonation and pitch glides through tubes submerged in several fluids with known rheological profiles (e.g., water, xanthan gum solutions at varying concentrations, cornstarch suspensions). One volunteer participant will be simultaneously monitored using electroglottography (EGG), intraoral pressure measurement, acoustic voice recording, and bubble acoustic analysis. Signals will be displayed in real time, allowing the group to observe how glottal contact quotient, intraoral pressure, fundamental frequency, vocal intensity, and bubble acoustic patterns vary across fluids. All remaining participants will perform the same phonatory tasks and record their subjective perceptions of effort, resistance, and vocal comfort for each fluid.
Conclusion: This workshop challenges the assumption that water is the only — or optimal — medium for WRT. By integrating experiential learning with real-time instrumental demonstration, participants will gain a deeper understanding of how the rheological properties of the fluid medium modulate the biomechanical and acoustic effects of tube phonation, and will be encouraged to critically rethink the role of the liquid in water resistance therapy.