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Tropicalismo y europeísmo en la literatura venezolana: Manuel Díaz Rodríguez y Pedro Emilio Coll vistos por Miguel de Unamuno (Con Nota final sobre un diálogo para reconstruir la paz)
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Abstract(s)
Se trata de la visión que posee el escritor Miguel de Unamuno de los escritores del modernismo
venezolano Manuel Díaz Rodríguez y Pedro Emilio Coll, apuntando a la decisiva
repercusión que sus obras tuvieron España, debido a una actividad literaria, editorial y
periodística que se estableció por entonces, aupada también desde Madrid por el escritor
venezolano Rufino Blanco Fombona. Las obras en referencia son Ídolos rotos (1901)
y Sangre patricia (1902), introduciendo sobre ellas varias consideraciones significativas,
válidas para varios contextos y épocas. Primero, está la glosa de Miguel de Unamuno sobre
el ensayo “Notas de la evolución literaria en Venezuela”, de Pedro Emilio Coll, donde
el escritor ibérico realiza aportes significativos a la visión que se posee de la literatura
venezolana en España, con la subsecuente irradiación de este influjo en el resto de la
novelística hispanoamericana de entonces, en un proceso de dobles resonancias que se
ponen de manifiesto en el movimiento modernista, en su voluntad de absorber gran parte
de la tradición literaria europea para aclimatarla culturalmente al trópico en la década
final del siglo XIX, abonando el terreno para una fructífera vinculación estética y cultural
entre ambos continentes. Unamuno acuña en este sentido la noción y el término tropicalismo,
y por otro lado hace referencia a la influencia francesa en la literatura española e
hispanoamericana.
Si la paz es tolerancia, inclusión, participación, respeto a las diferencias y aceptación de
la diversidad cultural; si éstas hacen posible la convivencia y el equilibrio social através del ejercicio de la libertad individual para el bien colectivo, más allá de la limitación de
las ideologías, superando la política de las invasiones bélicas a otros países, orquestadas
la mayoría de ellas en los laboratorios del capitalismo avanzado; si la paz da origen a una
cultura del diálogo entre estos conceptos para superar las carencias de un mundo donde
aún se verifican genocidios y fratricidios, entonces yo apuesto por un nuevo concepto
de la paz entre escritores de Europa y Venezuela, de Venezuela y el mundo, de España y
Venezuela tal como lo hicieron en su momento Miguel de Unamuno, Manuel Díaz Rodríguez
y Pedro Emilio Coll, los cuales son, de hecho, puntos de referencia para continuar
construyendo ese diálogo.
This essay deals with Miguel de Unamuno’s view of the Venezuelan modernist writers Manuel Diaz Rodriguez and Pedro Emilio Coll, which pointed to the decisive impact their works had in Spain, due to the literary activity, publishing and journalism that had been established in their day, aided also from Madrid by Venezuelan writer Rufino Blanco Fombona. The works in question are Idolos rotos (1901; Broken Idols) and Sangre Patricia (1902; Patrician Blood); Unamuno introduces several significant considerations that are valid for various contexts and times. First is Unamuno’s gloss on the essay “Notes of literary evolution in Venezuela”, by Pedro Emilio Coll, where the Iberian writer made significant contributions to the vision of Venezuelan literature in Spain, with the subsequent projection of his views to the rest of the Spanish-American novel of the time. This is a process of double resonances that becomes evident in the modernist movement, in its willingness to absorb much of the European literary tradition in order to culturally acclimatize it to the tropics during the late nineteenth century, paving the way for a successful aesthetic and cultural linkage between the two continents. Unamuno coined in this sense, the notion and the term “tropicalismo”, while also making references to French influences on Spanish and Latin American literature. If peace is tolerance, inclusion, participation, respect for difference and acceptance of cultural diversity if these differences make possible coexistence and social equilibrium through the exercise of individual freedom for the collective good, moving beyond the limitation of ideologies, overcoming the politics of military invasions into other countries, most of them orchestrated in the laboratories of advanced capitalism; if peace gives rise to a culture of dialogue between these concepts to overcome the shortcomings of a world in which it is still possible to verify genocide and fratricide, then I bet for a new concept of peace among the writers from Europe and Venezuela, Venezuela and the world, Spain and Venezuela like it was done in their time by Miguel de Unamuno, Manuel Diaz Rodriguez and Pedro Emilio Coll, who are, in fact, benchmarks to continue building this dialogue.
This essay deals with Miguel de Unamuno’s view of the Venezuelan modernist writers Manuel Diaz Rodriguez and Pedro Emilio Coll, which pointed to the decisive impact their works had in Spain, due to the literary activity, publishing and journalism that had been established in their day, aided also from Madrid by Venezuelan writer Rufino Blanco Fombona. The works in question are Idolos rotos (1901; Broken Idols) and Sangre Patricia (1902; Patrician Blood); Unamuno introduces several significant considerations that are valid for various contexts and times. First is Unamuno’s gloss on the essay “Notes of literary evolution in Venezuela”, by Pedro Emilio Coll, where the Iberian writer made significant contributions to the vision of Venezuelan literature in Spain, with the subsequent projection of his views to the rest of the Spanish-American novel of the time. This is a process of double resonances that becomes evident in the modernist movement, in its willingness to absorb much of the European literary tradition in order to culturally acclimatize it to the tropics during the late nineteenth century, paving the way for a successful aesthetic and cultural linkage between the two continents. Unamuno coined in this sense, the notion and the term “tropicalismo”, while also making references to French influences on Spanish and Latin American literature. If peace is tolerance, inclusion, participation, respect for difference and acceptance of cultural diversity if these differences make possible coexistence and social equilibrium through the exercise of individual freedom for the collective good, moving beyond the limitation of ideologies, overcoming the politics of military invasions into other countries, most of them orchestrated in the laboratories of advanced capitalism; if peace gives rise to a culture of dialogue between these concepts to overcome the shortcomings of a world in which it is still possible to verify genocide and fratricide, then I bet for a new concept of peace among the writers from Europe and Venezuela, Venezuela and the world, Spain and Venezuela like it was done in their time by Miguel de Unamuno, Manuel Diaz Rodriguez and Pedro Emilio Coll, who are, in fact, benchmarks to continue building this dialogue.
Description
Keywords
Europeísmo y tropicalismo Unamuno Modernismo literario European and tropical Unamuno Literary modernism
Citation
Nuestra América. Porto. ISSN 1646-5024. 9 (Ene-Jul 2013) 151-162.
Publisher
Edições Universidade Fernando Pessoa. NELA - Núcleo de Estudos Latino-Americanos. CECLICO - Centro de Estudos Culturais, da Linguagem e do Comportamento