Publication
Relação entre as experiências adversas na infância e a ansiedade no adulto
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dissertação_de_mestrado_39871 | 1.51 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As Experiências Adversas na Infância (EAI) são eventos de cariz traumático que ocorrem em pessoas com menos de 18 anos. Constituem fontes de stress que podem alterar a construção cerebral saudável, desregular o sistema biológico do stress e a libertação normal de cortisol e adrenalina com efeitos duradoiros. São um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de perturbações mentais no adulto incluindo, o desenvolvimento de ansiedade. A ansiedade e os seus sintomas podem provocar mal-estar clinicamente significativo e impactar no funcionamento normativo do individuo. Se o impacto das EAI não for tratado clinicamente, pode por sua vez ser transmitido às gerações seguintes. O presente estudo pretende avaliar se as experiências adversas na infância se relacionam com o desenvolvimento de ansiedade no adulto. Participaram neste estudo 104 indivíduos, maiores de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos (feminino 69.2 %; masculino 30.8 %), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 71 anos, (M= 37. 8; Dp= 12.2) de diferentes NSE (médio baixo/baixo 13.4%; médio 39.4% e médio alto/alto 47.1%) e estado civil (solteiro 44.2%, casado 29.8%, divorciado 10.6%, união de facto 13.4 % e viúvo 1.0%), com sintomatologia ansiosa e em acompanhamento psicológico. Os participantes responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: Questionário de Dados Sóciodemográficos, Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (Beck et al., 1988; Versão Portuguesa de Quintão, Delgado & Prieto, 2013) e Questionário da História Adversa na Infância versão reduzida (Felitti et al., 1998; versão Portuguesa de Silva & Maia, 2008). Os resultados deste estudo mostram que: 98% dos participantes relataram, pelo menos, uma experiência adversa na infância. A EAI mais relatada foi a doença mental ou suicídio (73.1%). A média da adversidade total é 4.52, indicando uma carga de EAI significativa nos participantes. A maioria dos participantes (70.2%) situa-se no intervalo de valores pertencentes à categoria de ansiedade severa. Não existe relação entre ansiedade e a idade dos participantes e existe relação entre a idade e as EAI disfunção familiar abuso de sustâncias e prisão de membro de família. Não existe relação entre ansiedade e estado civil dos participantes e existe relação entre as EAI abuso físico e disfunção familiar abuso de sustâncias e o estado civil. São as categorias abuso emocional e negligência emocional que se relacionam com a ansiedade no adulto. A ansiedade e a adversidade total estão relacionadas. Quanto à associação entre EAI e a ansiedade no adulto, não existem diferenças significativas entre sexo e também não se relacionam com o NSE, nos participantes. As EAI encontram-se relacionadas entre si. Os resultados devem divulgados junto dos profissionais de educação que cuidam das crianças e dos profissionais de saúde que recebem e avaliam crianças, para que possam identificar o mais precocemente sinais de abuso e negligência contra a criança; às câmaras municipais para a criação de programas sociais preventivos, parentalidade positiva e campanhas de sensibilização para a criação de ambientes mais seguros e estáveis às crianças e suas famílias dotando-as de competências de enfrentamento positivo para proteger as crianças de EAI.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are traumatic events that occur in individuals under the age of 18. They are sources of stress that can alter healthy brain development, dysregulate the biological stress system, and the normal release of cortisol and adrenaline with lasting effects. They are a risk factor for the development of mental disorders in adulthood, including anxiety. Anxiety and its symptoms can cause clinically significant distress and impact the normative functioning of the individual. If the impact of ACEs is not clinically addressed, it can in turn be transmitted to subsequent generations. The present study aims to evaluate whether adverse childhood experiences are related to the development of anxiety in adulthood. A total of 104 individuals, over 18 years of age, of both sexes (female 69.2%; male 30.8%), aged between 18 and 71 years, (M = 37.8; SD = 12.2) from different socioeconomic statuses (low/very low 13.4%; middle 39.4% and high/very high 47.1%) and marital statuses (single 44.2%, married 29.8%, divorced 10.6%, cohabiting 13.4%, and widowed 1.0%), with anxiety symptoms and undergoing psychological counseling participated in this study. Participants responded to the following instruments: Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck et al., 1988; Portuguese Version by Quintão, Delgado & Prieto, 2013) and the Reduced Version of the Childhood Adversity History Questionnaire (Felitti et al., 1998; Portuguese Version by Silva & Maia, 2008). The results of this study show that: 98% of participants reported at least one adverse experience in childhood. The most reported ACE was mental illness or suicide (73.1%). The average total adversity score is 4.52, indicating a significant ACE burden in participants. Most participants (70.2%) fall within the range of values belonging to the severe anxiety category. There is no relationship between anxiety and participants' age and there is a relationship between age and ACEs including family dysfunction, substance abuse, and family member imprisonment. There is no relationship between anxiety and participants' marital status and there is a relationship between ACEs including physical abuse, family dysfunction, substance abuse, and marital status. The categories of emotional abuse and emotional neglect are related to anxiety in adults. Anxiety and total adversity are related. Regarding the association between ACEs and anxiety in adults, there are no significant differences between sexes and they also do not relate to socioeconomic status in participants. ACEs are interrelated. The results should be disclosed to education professionals who care for children and health professionals who receive and assess children, so that they can identify early signs of child abuse and neglect; to municipal councils for the creation of preventive social programs, positive parenting, and awareness campaigns to create safer and more stable environments for children and their families, endowing them with positive coping skills to protect children from ACEs.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are traumatic events that occur in individuals under the age of 18. They are sources of stress that can alter healthy brain development, dysregulate the biological stress system, and the normal release of cortisol and adrenaline with lasting effects. They are a risk factor for the development of mental disorders in adulthood, including anxiety. Anxiety and its symptoms can cause clinically significant distress and impact the normative functioning of the individual. If the impact of ACEs is not clinically addressed, it can in turn be transmitted to subsequent generations. The present study aims to evaluate whether adverse childhood experiences are related to the development of anxiety in adulthood. A total of 104 individuals, over 18 years of age, of both sexes (female 69.2%; male 30.8%), aged between 18 and 71 years, (M = 37.8; SD = 12.2) from different socioeconomic statuses (low/very low 13.4%; middle 39.4% and high/very high 47.1%) and marital statuses (single 44.2%, married 29.8%, divorced 10.6%, cohabiting 13.4%, and widowed 1.0%), with anxiety symptoms and undergoing psychological counseling participated in this study. Participants responded to the following instruments: Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck et al., 1988; Portuguese Version by Quintão, Delgado & Prieto, 2013) and the Reduced Version of the Childhood Adversity History Questionnaire (Felitti et al., 1998; Portuguese Version by Silva & Maia, 2008). The results of this study show that: 98% of participants reported at least one adverse experience in childhood. The most reported ACE was mental illness or suicide (73.1%). The average total adversity score is 4.52, indicating a significant ACE burden in participants. Most participants (70.2%) fall within the range of values belonging to the severe anxiety category. There is no relationship between anxiety and participants' age and there is a relationship between age and ACEs including family dysfunction, substance abuse, and family member imprisonment. There is no relationship between anxiety and participants' marital status and there is a relationship between ACEs including physical abuse, family dysfunction, substance abuse, and marital status. The categories of emotional abuse and emotional neglect are related to anxiety in adults. Anxiety and total adversity are related. Regarding the association between ACEs and anxiety in adults, there are no significant differences between sexes and they also do not relate to socioeconomic status in participants. ACEs are interrelated. The results should be disclosed to education professionals who care for children and health professionals who receive and assess children, so that they can identify early signs of child abuse and neglect; to municipal councils for the creation of preventive social programs, positive parenting, and awareness campaigns to create safer and more stable environments for children and their families, endowing them with positive coping skills to protect children from ACEs.
Description
Keywords
Experiências adversas na infância Abuso Negligência Disfunção familiar Ansiedade Adverse childhood experiences Abuse Neglect Family dysfunctional Anxiety